Which cellular organelle is responsible for post-translational modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins into vesicles for secretion?
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: D. Golgi apparatus
- Step 1: Identify the roles of protein processing organelles: ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum translate polypeptides and insert them into the ER lumen for folding, after which they are transported to the Golgi apparatus.
- Step 2: The Golgi apparatus consists of flattened membranous cisternae (cis, medial, trans) that sequentially modify proteins (such as glycosylation and phosphorylation), sort them by destination, and package them into secretory vesicles or lysosomes.
Answer
Golgi apparatus.
Why not the others: Rough endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes and folds initial polypeptides but does not perform final vesicle sorting and dispatch; Peroxisome contains catabolic enzymes for fatty acid beta-oxidation and hydrogen peroxide detoxification; Nucleolus is the nuclear site of ribosome subunit biogenesis.
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