By the time the committee reviewed the proposal, the researchers ____ the data twice.

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. had already checked

  1. Step 1: The clause 'By the time the committee reviewed' sets a past point of reference. Step 2. An action completed before that point needs the past perfect: had + past participle. Answer: had already checked. Why not the others: 'have already checked' is present perfect and cannot link to a past reference; 'were checking' shows an unfinished action; 'would check' is a hypothetical.

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