In the human nephron, which histological adaptation of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) facilitates the reabsorption of 70 to 80 percent of filtered electrolytes and water?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. Simple cuboidal epithelium with a dense luminal brush border of microvilli

  1. Step 1: The proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) performs the bulk of tubular reabsorption in the nephron, reclaiming nearly all essential nutrients (glucose, amino acids) and 70–80% of water and electrolytes.
  2. Step 2: Its luminal surface is lined by simple cuboidal epithelial cells possessing thousands of microvilli that form a dense 'brush border'.
  3. Step 3: This brush border dramatically expands the functional surface area for carrier-mediated transport and osmosis, while abundant basal mitochondria supply ATP for active transport.
Answer
Simple cuboidal epithelium with a dense luminal brush border of microvilli
Why not the others: 'Non-ciliated stratified squamous epithelium...' is a protective barrier found in the esophagus and skin, incapable of transepithelial transport; 'Simple columnar ciliated epithelium...' lines the fallopian tubes and bronchioles; 'Transitional urothelium...' lines the renal pelvis, ureters, and urinary bladder to withstand stretching.

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