Which product is obtained when phthalic acid (benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid) is strongly heated with ammonia (NH3)?
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: D. Phthalimide
- Step 1: When phthalic acid is treated with ammonia, it forms ammonium phthalate.
- Step 2: Gentle heating dehydrates ammonium phthalate to form phthalamide ().
- Step 3: Upon strong heating, phthalamide undergoes intramolecular cyclization with the loss of one molecule of ammonia () to form the cyclic imide phthalimide.
- Step 4: Phthalimide is the key starting material for Gabriel phthalimide synthesis of primary aliphatic amines.
Answer
Phthalimide
Why not the others: 'Phthalamide' is the intermediate diamide formed under gentle heating before loss of ; 'Benzamide' is the amide of monocarboxylic benzoic acid; 'Aniline' is an aminobenzene, not a dicarboxylic derivative.
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