Which Singhasari king launched the Pamalayu military expedition to Sumatra in 1275 and mutilated the face of Kublai Khan's Mongol envoy Meng Qi in 1289?
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: B. King Kertanegara
- Step 1: Kertanegara envisioned an integrated archipelagic alliance (Cakrawala Mandala Dwipantara) to deter Mongol expansion. Step 2. When Kublai Khan demanded tribute, Kertanegara branded the face of the Mongol envoy Meng Qi, provoking the 1293 Yuan naval invasion. Answer: King Kertanegara. Why not the others: Raden Wijaya defeated the invading Mongol army in 1293.
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