Under Article 2 of the new Criminal Code (Law No. 1/2023), what legal concept is explicitly recognized alongside the formal written statutory principle of legality?
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Living Law in Society (Hukum yang Hidup dalam Masyarakat / Adat)
- Step 1: While Article 1 maintains formal legality, Article 2 recognizes the validity of unwritten living law (hukum yang hidup dalam masyarakat or customary hukum adat). Step 2. It allows judges to impose customary sanctions for acts considered reprehensible under local traditions, provided they do not conflict with Pancasila or human rights. Answer: Living Law in Society (Hukum yang Hidup dalam Masyarakat / Adat). Why not the others: Roman civil law is not an independent source of Indonesian penal sanctions.
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