What is the capital of Kazakhstan, a city that was called Nur-Sultan from 2019 to 2022?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: D. Astana

  1. Step 1: The capital of Kazakhstan was transferred from Almaty in the south to the northern city of Akmola in 1997, which was renamed Astana in 1998.
  2. Step 2: After briefly being named Nur-Sultan from 2019 to 2022, its official name was restored to Astana in September 2022.
Answer
Astana
Why not the others: 'Almaty' was the capital of Soviet Kazakhstan and independent Kazakhstan from 1929 to 1997 and remains the largest financial metropolis; 'Shymkent' is the third-largest city situated in southern Kazakhstan; 'Aktobe' is an industrial center in western Kazakhstan.

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