Which Indonesian volcano produced the largest and most destructive eruption in recorded human history in April 1815, resulting in the global 'Year Without a Summer' in 1816?
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: D. Mount Tambora
- Step 1: Mount Tambora, located on the island of Sumbawa in Indonesia, exploded with a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) rating of 7 in April 1815.
- Step 2: The eruption ejected an estimated 100 to 150 cubic kilometers of volcanic ash and sulfur aerosols into the stratosphere, lowering global temperatures and causing widespread crop failures in North America and Europe in 1816.
Answer
Mount Tambora
Why not the others: 'Krakatoa' erupted catastrophically later in 1883 (VEI 6); 'Mount Merapi' is Java's most active volcano; 'Mount Toba' was a prehistoric supervolcano that erupted around 74,000 years ago.
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