Which young Macedonian king conquered the Persian Achaemenid Empire, crossed the Hindu Kush into northwestern India, and established an empire stretching from Greece to Egypt by age 30?
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: B. Alexander the Great
- Step 1: Alexander III of Macedon, tutored by Aristotle, launched his invasion of Asia in 334 BCE, defeating Darius III at the Granicus, Issus, and Gaugamela.
- Step 2: His military campaigns founded over twenty cities bearing his name (most notably Alexandria in Egypt) and inaugurated the Hellenistic era before his death in Babylon in 323 BCE.
Answer
Alexander the Great
Why not the others: 'Philip II of Macedon' Philip II was Alexander's father who reformed the Macedonian phalanx and united Greece under the League of Corinth before his assassination in 336 BCE; 'Seleucus I Nicator' Seleucus was Alexander's general who inherited the eastern Asian territories and founded the Seleucid Empire; 'Ptolemy I Soter' Ptolemy was Alexander's general who founded the Ptolemaic Kingdom in Egypt and began the Library of Alexandria.
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