Which ancient school of Greek philosophy, founded in Athens around 300 BCE by Zeno of Citium, taught that virtue is the only true good and advocated mastering destructive emotions through rational self-control?
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: D. Stoicism
- Step 1: Zeno held philosophical discussions under the Stoa Poikile ('Painted Porch') in the Athenian Agora, giving the movement its name.
- Step 2: Stoicism emphasized living in accordance with Nature and logos, exerting profound influence on Roman thinkers such as Seneca, Epictetus, and Emperor Marcus Aurelius.
Answer
Stoicism
Why not the others: 'Epicureanism' Epicureanism, founded by Epicurus, taught that the highest good is ataraxia (tranquility and freedom from mental anxiety) achieved through modest pleasure; 'Cynicism' Cynicism, associated with Diogenes of Sinope, advocated rejecting all conventional social customs, luxury, and wealth in favor of living according to nature; 'Sophism' Sophism was a movement of itinerant rhetorical teachers in 5th-century BCE Athens who taught persuasive public speaking for fees.
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