What ancient Bronze Age civilization in the Peloponnese of Greece, excavated by Heinrich Schliemann and famous for the monumental Lion Gate and shaft graves, was the setting for Homer's Trojan War heroes?
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: C. Mycenaean Civilization
- Step 1: Mycenaean culture dominated the Greek mainland from roughly 1750 to 1050 BCE, characterized by massive Cyclopean stone fortresses at Mycenae, Tiryns, and Pylos.
- Step 2: They adapted Minoan writing into Linear B (the earliest deciphered form of the Greek language, deciphered by Michael Ventris in 1952) and produced gold funerary masks (including the 'Mask of Agamemnon').
Answer
Mycenaean Civilization
Why not the others: 'Minoan Civilization' The Minoans flourished earlier on the island of Crete, centered at Knossos with unfortified palaces; 'Cycladic Civilization' The Cycladic culture flourished on the Aegean Cyclades islands in the Early Bronze Age, famous for flat marble figurines; 'Corinthian Civilization' Corinth was a prominent Archaic and Classical Greek city-state, not the Bronze Age civilization of the shaft graves.
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