In literacy instruction, what is the 'Matthew Effect' (Stanovich, 1986)?
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: D. The rich get richer in reading ability while struggling readers fall progressively further behind over time
- Step 1: Keith Stanovich described how early reading proficiency encourages a virtuous cycle of wide reading and vocabulary expansion. Step 2. Conversely, early reading difficulty causes frustration and avoidance, compounding academic gaps over time. Answer: The rich get richer in reading ability while struggling readers fall progressively further behind over time. Why not the others: Reading rates vary widely; music does not determine literacy; reading does not guarantee banking careers.
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