Which international treaty, adopted in Washington, D.C., in 1973, regulates international cross-border trade in endangered wild animals and plants across three appendiced regulatory tiers to prevent species extinction?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: D. CITES

  1. Step 1: Commercial trade in elephant ivory, rhino horn, tiger parts, rare orchids, and exotic hardwoods drove many wild populations toward collapse.
  2. Step 2: The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) protects roughly 38,000 species of flora and fauna using import/export permits categorized under Appendix I (prohibited trade), Appendix II (regulated trade), and Appendix III.
Answer
CITES
Why not the others: 'Ramsar Convention' The Ramsar Convention (1971) designates wetlands of international importance; 'Montreal Protocol' The Montreal Protocol (1987) protects the ozone layer by phasing out chlorofluorocarbons; 'Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)' The CBD was adopted at the 1992 Rio Earth Summit to promote conservation and sustainable use of genetic diversity.

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