Which treaty-based permanent international criminal tribunal, seated in The Hague, was established by the 1998 Rome Statute to prosecute individuals for genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity?
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: D. International Criminal Court (ICC)
- Step 1: Unlike ad-hoc international tribunals created for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) or Rwanda (ICTR), the Rome Statute created a permanent judicial institution.
- Step 2: The International Criminal Court (ICC) entered into force on July 1, 2002, in The Hague, exercising complementary criminal jurisdiction over individual perpetrators of the gravest international crimes.
Answer
International Criminal Court (ICC)
Why not the others: 'International Court of Justice (ICJ)' The ICJ settles legal disputes between sovereign nation-states, possessing no jurisdiction to prosecute individual persons; 'Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)' The PCA is an intergovernmental arbitral body established in 1899 that resolves interstate and private commercial arbitrations; 'European Court of Human Rights (ECHR)' The ECHR is a regional court of the Council of Europe in Strasbourg enforcing the European Convention on Human Rights.
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