Which international agreement, concluded in 1997 under the UNFCCC in Japan, set the first legally binding greenhouse gas reduction targets for developed industrialized nations?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: D. Kyoto Protocol

  1. Step 1: Operating on the principle of 'common but differentiated responsibilities', this treaty imposed emission reduction obligations on Annex I developed nations.
  2. Step 2: Adopted in Kyoto, Japan, in December 1997 and entering into force in 2005, the Kyoto Protocol mandated industrialized nations to reduce overall emissions of six greenhouse gases by an average of 5.2% below 1990 levels.
Answer
Kyoto Protocol
Why not the others: 'Paris Agreement' The Paris Agreement was adopted in 2015, replacing the Kyoto framework with nationally determined contributions (NDCs) for all countries; 'Montreal Protocol' The Montreal Protocol was signed in 1987 to phase out ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs); 'Copenhagen Accord' The Copenhagen Accord was a non-binding political document negotiated during contentious talks at COP15 in 2009.

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