30 cardsSMLE (Saudi Medical Licensing Exam)

SMLE: Clinical Pearls

Thirty clinical pearls from medicine, surgery, obstetrics and paediatrics for the Saudi medical licensing exam.

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Inferior STEMI
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1
Inferior STEMI
ST elevation in II, III and aVF: right coronary artery territory.
2
Atrial fibrillation
Irregularly irregular pulse with no P waves; anticoagulate according to the risk score.
3
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Treat with intravenous fluids, insulin and potassium replacement.
4
Hyperkalaemia with ECG changes
Give intravenous calcium gluconate first, then insulin with glucose.
5
Aortic dissection
Tearing chest pain radiating to the back, with unequal arm pressures.
6
Pulmonary embolism
CT pulmonary angiography is the investigation of choice.
7
Meningococcal sepsis
Give intravenous ceftriaxone immediately; do not delay for lumbar puncture.
8
Graves disease
Diffuse goitre, exophthalmos and hyperthyroidism.
9
Primary biliary cholangitis
Middle-aged woman, itching, raised ALP and anti-mitochondrial antibodies.
10
Courvoisier's law
Painless jaundice with a palpable gallbladder suggests pancreatic cancer.
11
Appendicitis
Pain migrates from the periumbilical region to the right iliac fossa.
12
Perforated ulcer
Sudden severe pain, rigid abdomen and free air under the diaphragm.
13
Testicular torsion
Surgical emergency: explore without delay.
14
Tension pneumothorax
Clinical diagnosis: immediate needle decompression.
15
Cardiac tamponade
Beck's triad: hypotension, distended neck veins and muffled heart sounds.
16
Anaphylaxis
Intramuscular adrenaline is the first-line treatment.
17
Surgical safety
Use the WHO checklist and mark the site before surgery.
18
Pre-eclampsia
New hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks; magnesium sulfate prevents seizures.
19
Placenta praevia
Painless bleeding: no digital vaginal examination.
20
Placental abruption
Painful bleeding with a hard tender uterus.
21
Ectopic pregnancy
Pain, bleeding and a positive pregnancy test with an empty uterus.
22
Postpartum haemorrhage
Commonest cause is uterine atony: massage and oxytocin.
23
Rhesus negative mother
Give anti-D immunoglobulin.
24
Safe antihypertensive in pregnancy
Labetalol; avoid ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers.
25
Pyloric stenosis
Projectile non-bilious vomiting and an olive-shaped mass.
26
Intussusception
Colicky pain with redcurrant jelly stool in an infant.
27
Croup
Barking cough and stridor; treat with oral dexamethasone.
28
Kawasaki disease
Prolonged fever, conjunctivitis and rash; risk of coronary aneurysm.
29
Febrile convulsion
Brief generalised seizure with fever in children aged 6 months to 5 years.
30
Status epilepticus
A benzodiazepine is the first-line drug.

SMLE (Saudi Medical Licensing Exam) in Saudi Arabia

In Saudi Arabia, SMLE (Saudi Medical Licensing Exam) is part of: Health professions.