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30 cardsNationella prov (Sweden)

Scientific Principles and Civic Terminology

30 flashcards on key concepts in biology, physics, chemistry, Swedish governance and European Union institutions. Practice material written for study, not the official test.

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Cellular respiration equation
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Nationella prov (Sweden) mock tests →
1
Cellular respiration equation
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP energy.
2
Photosynthesis equation
6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy -> C6H12O6 + 6O2.
3
DNA base pairing rule
Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T) via 2 hydrogen bonds; Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C) via 3 hydrogen bonds.
4
Mitosis vs Meiosis
Mitosis produces 2 genetically identical diploid daughter cells; meiosis produces 4 genetically diverse haploid gametes.
5
Trophic energy efficiency rule
Approximately 10% of energy transfers from one trophic level to the next; 90% is lost as metabolic heat and waste.
6
Newton's first law of motion
An object remains at rest or in uniform straight-line motion unless acted upon by a net external force.
7
Newton's second law of motion
Net force equals mass times acceleration: F = m * a.
8
Newton's third law of motion
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction (forces occur in matched pairs).
9
Kinetic energy formula
E_k = (1/2) m v^2, measured in joules (J).
10
Gravitational potential energy formula
E_p = m g h, where g is gravitational acceleration (approx 9.8 m/s^2 on Earth).
11
Ohm's law
V = I * R (Voltage equals current multiplied by resistance).
12
Electrical power formula
P = V I = I^2 R = V^2 / R, measured in watts (W).
13
pH definition
pH = -log10[H3O+]; values below 7 are acidic, 7 is neutral, and values above 7 are basic (alkaline).
14
First law of thermodynamics
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed: Delta U = Q - W.
15
Second law of thermodynamics
The total entropy of an isolated system always increases over time in any spontaneous process.
16
Ocean acidification cause
Atmospheric CO2 dissolves in seawater to form carbonic acid (H2CO3), releasing H+ ions that lower ocean pH.
17
Greenhouse effect mechanism
Earth's surface absorbs solar visible light and reradiates infrared radiation, which is absorbed and re-emitted by greenhouse gases.
18
Sweden's four fundamental laws
Regeringsformen, Successionsordningen, Tryckfrihetsförordningen, and Yttrandefrihetsgrundlagen.
19
Riksdag composition
Unicameral parliament of 349 elected members serving 4-year terms.
20
Riksdag parliamentary threshold
A political party must obtain at least 4% of the national vote (or 12% in a single constituency) to enter parliament.
21
Negative parliamentarism
A Prime Minister is approved as long as a majority (at least 175 MPs) does not vote against the nomination.
22
Konstitutionsutskottet (KU)
Parliamentary committee that scrutinizes cabinet ministers' compliance with laws and constitutional procedures.
23
Offentlighetsprincipen
The constitutional principle of public access granting citizens and journalists the right to inspect public authority documents.
24
Förbud mot ministerstyre
Constitutional prohibition preventing individual ministers from directly intervening in agency handling of individual cases.
25
Sweden's municipalities (kommuner)
290 local self-governing municipalities responsible for schools, pre-schools, eldercare, and social services.
26
Sweden's regions (regioner)
21 regional self-governing bodies responsible for specialized healthcare, hospitals, and regional public transit.
27
Saltsjöbaden Agreement (1938)
Historic consensus establishing autonomous collective bargaining between trade unions and employers without statutory minimum wage.
28
Sveriges Riksbank inflation target
Price stability defined as a 2% annual inflation rate measured by the CPIF index.
29
Sweden EU membership year
Joined the European Union on January 1, 1995; retains the national Swedish krona (SEK) outside the eurozone.
30
Sweden's Climate Act net-zero goal
Statutory legal target to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2045 at the latest.

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