Brandos Atestatas (Lithuania) · History of Lithuania (Brandos atestatas Lithuania)

Lithuanian and Baltic History

93 practice questions, each with the answer and an explanation.

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Random questions from this topic, one at a time. You see the answer and the explanation straight after each one.

All 93 questions

  1. Who was crowned as the first and only king of medieval Lithuania in 1253?
  2. Which city became the capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania under Gediminas in the early fourteenth century?
  3. Which battle of 1410, in which the forces of Lithuania and Poland defeated the Teutonic Order, is called Žalgiris in Lithuanian?
  4. Which ruler led Lithuania at its greatest extent, reaching from the Baltic to the Black Sea, in the early fifteenth century?
  5. What did the Union of Krewo of 1385 begin?
  6. Which union of 1569 created a joint state of Poland and Lithuania with a common parliament and elected king?
  7. What happened to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1795?
  8. Which two uprisings against Russian rule took place on Lithuanian lands in 1831 and 1863?
  9. Which measure did Russia introduce in 1864 after the uprising of 1863?
  10. On which date did the Council of Lithuania sign the Act of Independence in Vilnius?
  11. Which city was the temporary capital of independent Lithuania between the wars?
  12. What happened in Klaipėda in January 1923?
  13. Which agreement of 23 August 1939 contained a secret protocol dividing Eastern Europe between two powers?
  14. In which year did the Soviet Union first occupy and annex Lithuania?
  15. What happened in Lithuania in June 1941?
  16. Who were the 'forest brothers' of Lithuania after the Second World War?
  17. Which movement, founded in Vilnius in 1988, led the campaign for independence?
  18. What was the Baltic Way of 23 August 1989?
  19. On which date did Lithuania declare the restoration of its independence from the Soviet Union?
  20. What are the 'January Events' of 13 January 1991 in Vilnius?
  21. In which year did Lithuania join both NATO and the European Union?
  22. In which year did Lithuania adopt the euro?
  23. Which year saw the approval of the current Constitution of Lithuania in a referendum?
  24. Who was the first woman elected President of Lithuania, in 2009?
  25. Who was the head of state of Lithuania from 1990 to 1992 as chair of the Supreme Council?
  26. Which part of Lithuanian society was destroyed in the Holocaust, and which city was called the 'Jerusalem of the North'?
  27. How many years passed between the coronation of Mindaugas in 1253 and the battle of Grunwald in 1410?
  28. Which sequence puts these events in the correct order?
  29. How long did Lithuania remain part of the Russian Empire, from the third partition in 1795 to the declaration in 1918, in whole years?
  30. Why is 16 February 1918 called the 'Restoration of the State' and 11 March 1990 the 'Restoration of Independence'?
  31. Which statement about the Lithuanian territory in the interwar years is correct?
  32. The Baltic Way of 23 August 1989 was held on which anniversary of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact of 1939?
  33. Why is Lithuania often described as the last pagan state in Europe, before 1387?
  34. What was the Lithuanian Statute (Lietuvos statutas), first issued in 1529?
  35. Which university, founded in 1579 as a Jesuit academy, is the oldest university in Lithuania?
  36. On which date does Lithuania celebrate Statehood Day, in memory of the coronation of Mindaugas?
  37. In the history of Lithuania, who was crowned as the first and only recognized King of medieval Lithuania in 1253?
  38. In the history of Lithuania, in which year did Grand Duke Gediminas send his famous diplomatic letters mentioning Vilnius as the capital for the first time?
  39. In the history of Lithuania, what historic dynastic agreement was concluded in 1385 between Grand Duke Jogaila and Polish nobles?
  40. In the history of Lithuania, in which year was the formal Christianization of Lithuania (Aukštaitija) officially enacted by Jogaila and Vytautas?
  41. In the history of Lithuania, what was the historic military outcome of the Battle of Grunwald (Žalgirio mūšis) on 15 July 1410?
  42. In the history of Lithuania, which Lithuanian ruler expanded the Grand Duchy's territory from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea in the fifteenth century?
  43. In the history of Lithuania, what historic European diplomatic summit was hosted by Vytautas the Great in 1429 to discuss his royal coronation?
  44. In the history of Lithuania, what was the First Statute of Lithuania, promulgated in 1529 under Sigismund I the Old?
  45. In the history of Lithuania, what major constitutional union was formed on 1 July 1569, uniting Lithuania and Poland into a Commonwealth?
  46. In the history of Lithuania, in which year was Vilnius University (Vilniaus universitetas) officially founded by King Stephen Báthory and the Jesuits?
  47. In the history of Lithuania, who edited and promulgated the Third Statute of Lithuania (Trečiasis Lietuvos Statutas) in 1588?
  48. In the history of Lithuania, which brilliant Lithuanian military commander defeated a vastly superior Swedish army at the Battle of Kircholm in 1605?
  49. In the history of Lithuania, what catastrophic event occurred in 1655 during the Deluge (Tvanas), striking the capital Vilnius for the first time in centuries?
  50. In the history of Lithuania, what was the primary purpose of the progressive Constitution of 3 May 1791 in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth?
  51. In the history of Lithuania, what was the consequence of the Third Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1795?
  52. In the history of Lithuania, what punitive measure did Tsarist Russia impose after the suppression of the 1831 anti-Russian uprising in Lithuania?
  53. In the history of Lithuania, who were the principal leaders of the 1863-1864 Uprising against Tsarist rule in Lithuania?
  54. In the history of Lithuania, which notorious Tsarist Governor-General was dubbed 'the Hangman' (Kariuvynikas) for brutal executions following the 1863 uprising?
  55. In the history of Lithuania, what was the forty-year 'Spaudos draudimas' (Lithuanian press ban) enforced by Tsarist authorities from 1864 to 1904?
  56. In the history of Lithuania, who were the 'knygnešiai' (book smugglers) during the Tsarist Lithuanian press ban?
  57. In the history of Lithuania, which famous clandestine meeting took place in December 1905, demanding political autonomy for Lithuania within its ethnographic borders?
  58. In the history of Lithuania, on which historic date did the Council of Lithuania (Lietuvos Taryba) adopt the Act of Independence in Vilnius?
  59. In the history of Lithuania, why did Kaunas serve as the 'temporary capital' (laikinoji sostinė) of Lithuania between 1920 and 1939?
  60. In the history of Lithuania, what historic event occurred in January 1923 regarding the coastal Klaipėda Region (Memelland)?
  61. In the history of Lithuania, which political leader assumed authoritarian power in Lithuania following the military coup d'état of 17 December 1926?
  62. In the history of Lithuania, which two heroic Lithuanian-American aviators perished in 1933 after flying their plane 'Lituanica' non-stop across the Atlantic Ocean?
  63. In the history of Lithuania, what secret agreement sealed the fate of the Baltic States between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union on 23 August 1939?
  64. In the history of Lithuania, what occurred on 15 June 1940 following Moscow's ultimatum to the Lithuanian government?
  65. In the history of Lithuania, what tragic tragedy struck thousands of Lithuanian families on the night of 14-18 June 1941?
  66. In the history of Lithuania, who were the 'Lietuvos partizanai' (Forest Brothers / miško broliai) between 1944 and 1953?
  67. In the history of Lithuania, who served as the supreme commander of the Union of Lithuanian Freedom Fighters (LLKS) and was declared acting head of state?
  68. In the history of Lithuania, what historic anti-Soviet declaration was signed on 16 February 1949 by eight partisan commanders in a secret bunker in Minaičiai?
  69. In the history of Lithuania, what protest rocked Kaunas in May 1972 following the self-immolation of 19-year-old student Romas Kalanta?
  70. In the history of Lithuania, what underground publication, edited by Sigitas Tamkevičius, documented Soviet religious persecution from 1972 until 1989 without being stopped?
  71. In the history of Lithuania, what peaceful mass demonstration took place on 23 August 1989, forming a human chain across Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia?
  72. In the history of Lithuania, on which historic date did the Supreme Council of Lithuania, chaired by Vytautas Landsbergis, declare the restoration of Lithuanian independence?
  73. In the history of Lithuania, what tragic events unfolded in Vilnius on 13 January 1991 (Sausio 13-oji / Defenders of Freedom Day)?
  74. In the history of Lithuania, in which landmark year did the Republic of Lithuania officially achieve full membership in both NATO and the European Union?
  75. In the history of Lithuania, what heroic defense took place at the fortress of Pilėnai in February 1336 under Duke Margiris?
  76. In the history of Lithuania, which medieval Lithuanian Grand Duke led three daring military campaigns against Moscow in 1368, 1370, and 1372?
  77. In the history of Lithuania, who was the co-ruler with Algirdas who governed from Trakai and led the defense against the Teutonic Order for decades?
  78. In the history of Lithuania, which Turkic ethnic minority group was brought from Crimea by Vytautas the Great around 1397 to serve as personal bodyguards and castle defenders?
  79. In the history of Lithuania, what military engagement occurred at the Vorskla River in 1399 between Vytautas the Great and the Golden Horde?
  80. In the history of Lithuania, what was the lasting geopolitical significance of the Treaty of Melno (Melno taika) signed in 1422?
  81. In the history of Lithuania, who was Barbora Radvilaitė (Barbara Radziwiłł) and what was her historical significance in the sixteenth century?
  82. In the history of Lithuania, which prolonged conflict (1558-1583) forced the Grand Duchy of Lithuania to seek closer union with Poland due to Russian pressure under Ivan the Terrible?
  83. In the history of Lithuania, who served as the distinguished first rector of the Jesuit Academy and University of Vilnius (Vilniaus universitetas) from 1579?
  84. In the history of Lithuania, which architectural masterpiece in Vilnius, renowned for over 2,000 intricate white stucco figures, was founded by Hetman Mykolas Kazimieras Pacas?
  85. In the history of Lithuania, who led the 1794 national uprising in Vilnius, capturing the city and establishing a revolutionary government?
  86. In the history of Lithuania, what historic secret student society was founded at Vilnius University in 1817 by Adam Mickiewicz, Tomasz Zan, and others to promote civic virtue?
  87. In the history of Lithuania, how did Bishop Motiejus Valančius's temperance brotherhoods (blaivybės sąjūdis) deal a major blow to Tsarist administration in the late 1850s?
  88. In the history of Lithuania, which prominent military force did Lithuanian volunteers and army units fight during the Lithuanian Wars of Independence alongside Soviet Bolsheviks in 1919?
  89. In the history of Lithuania, what historic work was accomplished by the Constituent Assembly (Steigiamasis Seimas) elected in 1920?
  90. In the history of Lithuania, what was 'Operation Vesna' (Pavasaris) carried out by Soviet state security in Lithuania in May 1948?
  91. In the history of Lithuania, who was Adolfas Ramanauskas-Vanagas in Lithuanian twentieth-century history?
  92. In the history of Lithuania, which military engagement in 1605 saw Grand Hetman Jan Karol Chodkiewicz decisively defeat Swedish forces?
  93. In the history of Lithuania, which modern currency did the Republic of Lithuania adopt on 1 January 2015, replacing the national litas?

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