Estonian History and Politics

History and Politics

242 practice questions, each with the answer and an explanation.

All 242 questions

  1. Complete the sentence about Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact with the correct year: A week after signing the pact, on 1 September ______, Germany invaded Poland.
  2. Complete the sentence about Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact with the correct year: In March ______, the Soviet Union annexed parts of Karelia, Salla and Kuusamo following the Winter War against Finland.
  3. Complete the sentence about Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact with the correct year: Stalin's invasion of Bukovina in ______ violated the pact, since it went beyond the Soviet sphere of influence that had been…
  4. Complete the sentence about Soviet occupation of the Baltic states with the correct year: For a period of several years during World War II, Nazi Germany occupied the Baltic states after it invaded th…
  5. Complete the sentence about Soviet occupation of the Baltic states with the correct year: The three independent Baltic countries were annexed as constituent Republics of the Soviet Union in August ___…
  6. Complete the sentence about Soviet occupation of the Baltic states with the correct year: In July ______, the occupation of the Baltic states by Nazi Germany took place, just weeks after its invasion…
  7. Complete the sentence about Soviet occupation of the Baltic states with the correct year: The Baltic states regained de facto independence in ______ during the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
  8. Complete the sentence about Soviet occupation of the Baltic states with the correct year: Russia started to withdraw its troops from the Baltics starting with Lithuania in August ______.
  9. Complete the sentence with the correct year: The full withdrawal of troops deployed by Moscow ended in August ______.
  10. Complete the sentence about Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic with the correct year: On 16 November ______, Estonia became the first of the then Soviet-controlled countries to declare state sovereign…
  11. Complete the sentence about Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic with the correct year: The Soviet Union formally recognised the independence of Estonia on 6 September ______.
  12. Complete the sentence about Forest Brothers with the correct year: The term Forest Brothers first came into use in the Baltic region in the ______ Russian Revolution.
  13. Complete the sentence about Forest Brothers with the correct year: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania gained their independence in ______ after the collapse of the Russian Empire.
  14. Complete the sentence about Estonia in World War II with the correct year: Approximately ______ Estonian sailors served in the British Merchant Navy, 200 of them as officers.
  15. Complete the sentence about Estonia in World War II with the correct year: From February to September ______, the German army detachment "Narwa" held back the Soviet Estonian Operation.
  16. Complete the sentence about Singing Revolution with the correct year: The state of affairs deteriorated to such an extent that by ______, there were campaigns aimed at freeing the nations from the Sov…
  17. Complete the sentence about Singing Revolution with the correct year: The Baltic peoples staged mass demonstrations against Soviet rule, most notably the Baltic Way of ______ on the 50th anniversary o…
  18. Complete the sentence about Singing Revolution with the correct year: Lithuania declared independence in March ______, followed by Latvia and Estonia in May.
  19. Complete the sentence about Singing Revolution with the correct year: The Soviet Union recognized the three Baltic states in September ______, over two months before its final dissolution.
  20. Complete the sentence with the correct year: Estonia gained independence in ______, in the aftermath of World War I.
  21. Complete the sentence about Estonian Sovereignty Declaration with the correct year: After more than three years of negotiations, on 31 August ______, the last remaining armed forces of Russia withdrew…
  22. Complete the sentence about Estonian Restoration of Independence with the correct year: Estonian Restoration of Independence, legally defined as the Restoration of the Republic of Estonia, was proclai…
  23. Complete the sentence about Estonian Restoration of Independence with the correct year: On 30 March ______, the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR adopted a resolution on the state status of Estonia.
  24. Complete the sentence about Lennart Meri with the correct year: Meri and his family lived in Tallinn when Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Stalinist Soviet Union in June ______.
  25. Complete the sentence about Lennart Meri with the correct year: In ______, the Meri family was deported to Siberia along with thousands of other Estonians, Latvians, and Lithuanians sharing the same f…
  26. Complete the sentence about Arnold Rüütel with the correct year: Rüütel was born in the village of Pahavalla in Laimjala Parish, Saaremaa, Estonia on 10 May ______.
  27. Complete the sentence about Toomas Hendrik Ilves with the correct year: Ilves moved to the United States with his family in ______ and grew up in Leonia, New Jersey.
  28. Complete the sentence about Kersti Kaljulaid with the correct year: Kaljulaid is Estonia's first female head of state since the country declared independence in ______.
  29. Complete the sentence about Kersti Kaljulaid with the correct year: In ______, Kaljulaid graduated from Tallinn Secondary School no. 44.
  30. Complete the sentence about Kersti Kaljulaid with the correct year: In ______, she graduated from University of Tartu cum laude as a biologist.
  31. Complete the sentence about Alar Karis with the correct year: In ______, he received the degree of Candidate of Veterinary Sciences from the Academy of Sciences of the Byelorussian SSR in Minsk.
  32. Complete the sentence about Alar Karis with the correct year: In December ______ Karis refused to promulgate a law due to finding that the rules of proceedings were violated by the government by tying…
  33. Complete the sentence about Mart Laar with the correct year: Due to several scandals, Laar was defeated in ______ by no-confidence vote, when some members of the coalition withdrew their support.
  34. Complete the sentence about Mart Laar with the correct year: Five years later, in ______, Laar returned to the post, with his main policy goals being to pull the economy out of a slump and lead the co…
  35. Complete the sentence about Mart Laar with the correct year: The results of the radical reforms have been recognized by Cato Institute, which awarded Laar the Cato Institute's Milton Friedman Prize fo…
  36. Complete the sentence about Siim Kallas with the correct year: In ______, Kallas was one of the authors of the IME plan for self-managing Estonia with Tiit Made, Edgar Savisaar, and Mikk Titma.
  37. Complete the sentence about Siim Kallas with the correct year: After Estonia restored its independence in ______, Kallas was appointed the President of the Bank of Estonia, which at the time had only…
  38. Complete the sentence about Andrus Ansip with the correct year: Born in Tartu, Ansip graduated from the University of Tartu with a degree in chemistry in ______.
  39. Complete the sentence about Jüri Ratas with the correct year: On 5 November ______, Ratas was elected to succeed Edgar Savisaar as the leader of the Centre Party.
  40. Complete the sentence about Kristen Michal with the correct year: In ______, he became an advisor to then prime minister Siim Kallas.
  41. Complete the sentence about Riigikogu with the correct year: Established under the ______ constitution, the Riigikogu had 100 members elected for a three-year term on the basis of proportional represe…
  42. Complete the sentence about Riigikogu with the correct year: In ______, amendments to the first Constitution were approved by referendum, where more power was given to an executive President.
  43. Complete the sentence about Riigikogu with the correct year: The most recent parliamentary elections were held on 5 March ______.
  44. Complete the sentence about President of Estonia with the correct year: Tief was subsequently arrested by the re-occupying Soviet forces in September ______.
  45. Complete the sentence about Prime Minister of Estonia with the correct year: Under the ______ Constitution passed by plebiscite, the position of Prime Minister was recreated as head of government in a…
  46. Complete the sentence about Prime Minister of Estonia with the correct year: According to the ______ Constitution, the position of the Prime Minister was retained, while the head of state was finally…
  47. Complete the sentence about Estonian Reform Party with the correct year: In the party's first parliamentary election in March ______, it won 19 seats, catapulting it into second place, behind the Coal…
  48. Complete the sentence about Estonian Reform Party with the correct year: The Reform Party left the government in November ______ after the Coalition Party signed a cooperation agreement with the Centr…
  49. Complete the sentence about Estonian Reform Party with the correct year: At the ______ election, the Reform Party dropped one seat to 18, finishing third behind the Centre Party and the conservative P…
  50. Complete the sentence about Estonian Centre Party with the correct year: The party was founded on 12 October ______ from the basis of the Popular Front of Estonia after several parties split from it.
  51. Complete the sentence about Estonian Centre Party with the correct year: In the parliamentary elections of March ______, the Centre Party was placed third with 14.2% of votes and 16 seats.
  52. Complete the sentence with the correct year: In ______, Kreitzberg unsuccessfully ran for the presidency of Estonia.
  53. Complete the sentence about Social Democratic Party with the correct year: The Moderates were accepted as a full member of the Socialist International at its 20th congress in September ______.
  54. Complete the sentence about Social Democratic Party with the correct year: The seemingly unlikely decision to fuse took place on 29 May ______, with some foreign commentators drawing parallels with 'r…
  55. Complete the sentence about Social Democratic Party with the correct year: The Moderates' contacts with People's Party predecessors had started in ______.
  56. Complete the sentence about Social Democratic Party with the correct year: The two parties had a joint list in ______ parliamentary election and formed a governing coalition with Pro Patria Union and…
  57. Complete the sentence about Social Democratic Party with the correct year: In ______, the Moderate People's Party joined the Party of European Socialists.
  58. Complete the sentence about Conservative People's Party of Estonia with the correct year: ERL was set up in the middle of ______ to promote the removal of the "Bronze Soldier of Tallinn", a Stalinist…
  59. Complete the sentence about Conservative People's Party of Estonia with the correct year: The People's Union had started to look for a possible merging partner already in ______.
  60. Complete the sentence about Politics of Estonia with the correct year: The Estonian Declaration of Independence was issued on 21 February ______.
  61. Complete the sentence about Politics of Estonia with the correct year: A parliamentary republic was formed by the Estonian Constituent Assembly and the first Constitution of Estonia was adopted on 15…
  62. Complete the sentence about Estonian kroon with the correct year: During the Great Depression in ______, the kroon went off the gold standard, devalued 35% and obtained a currency peg with sterling at…
  63. Complete the sentence about Estonian kroon with the correct year: The Estonian kroon kept this peg and circulated until the Soviet occupation of ______.
  64. Complete the sentence about Euro with the correct year: The name euro was officially adopted on 16 December ______ in Madrid.
  65. Complete the sentence about Euro with the correct year: Before December ______, the euro traded below parity with the US dollar; since then, it has traded near or above parity.
  66. Complete the sentence about Eurozone with the correct year: On 1 January ______, the euro replaced the ECU 1:1 at the exchange rate markets.
  67. Complete the sentence about Estonian Defence Forces with the correct year: In January ______, the Estonian armed forces launched a counteroffensive, the May Offensive, under Commander-in-Chief Johan L…
  68. Complete the sentence with the correct year: By the end of February ______, the Red Army had been expelled from all of Estonia's territory.
  69. Complete the sentence about Estonian Defence Forces with the correct year: On 2 February ______, the Peace Treaty of Tartu was signed by the Republic of Estonia and the Russian Soviet Federative Socia…
  70. Complete the sentence about Estonian Defence Forces with the correct year: On 12 June ______, the order for a total military blockade of Estonia was given to the Soviet Baltic Fleet.
  71. Complete the sentence about Estonian Defence Forces with the correct year: Given the overwhelming Soviet force, in order to avoid the bloodshed of entering a futile and hopeless war, on 17 June ______…
  72. Complete the sentence about Estonian Defence Forces with the correct year: The military occupation of Estonia was complete by 21 June ______.
  73. Complete the sentence about Estonian Defence League with the correct year: The Estonian Defence League did not completely cease to exist after being closed down during the Soviet occupation in summer…
  74. Complete the sentence with the correct year: The first such organisation was created on 3 July ______ in the town of Kilingi-Nõmme.
  75. Complete the sentence about Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence with the correct year: In ______, prior to the country's official accession to NATO, Estonia proposed the creation of a Centr…
  76. Complete the sentence with the correct year: Ukraine was accepted as a contributing participant in March ______.
  77. Complete the sentence about 2007 cyberattacks on Estonia with the correct year: On 24 January ______, Dmitri Galushkevich, a student living in Tallinn, was found guilty of participating in the attacks…
  78. Complete the sentence about Bronze Soldier of Tallinn with the correct year: The monument was originally erected by Soviet authorities in Estonia to the liberators of Tallinn who entered the city on 2…
  79. Complete the sentence about Bronze Soldier of Tallinn with the correct year: The Bronze Soldier monument, with its figure of a soldier against a stone background, was created in ______ by Enn Roos and…
  80. Complete the sentence about Bronze Soldier of Tallinn with the correct year: Originally intended as an official war memorial to Soviet soldiers who died fighting in World War II, an eternal flame was…
  81. Complete the sentence about Estonian–Russian border with the correct year: The plebiscite was carried out only in the town of Narva on 10 December ______, where the majority voted for Estonian adminis…
  82. Complete the sentence about e-Residency of Estonia with the correct year: In ______, cryptocurrency payment processor CoinsPaid established operations in Estonia, referencing the e-Residency program…
  83. Complete the sentence about Estonian Constitutional Assembly with the correct year: The assembly was composed on 20 August ______ by the members from Committee of Estonia and Supreme Council of the Re…
  84. Complete the sentence about MS Estonia with the correct year: MS Estonia was a car-passenger ferry built in ______ for the Finnish shipping company Rederi Ab Sally by Meyer Werft, in Papenburg, West G…
  85. Complete the sentence about MS Estonia with the correct year: Originally the ship was conceived as a sister ship to Diana II, built in ______ by the same shipyard for Rederi AB Slite, the third partne…
  86. Complete the sentence about MS Estonia with the correct year: Viking Line received a total of four new ships in ______ alone, three of which were built for Rederi AB Sally.
  87. Complete the sentence about Estonian Academy of Sciences with the correct year: When Estonia was occupied by the Soviet Union the academy was dissolved on July 17, ______.
  88. Complete the sentence about Estonian Academy of Sciences with the correct year: In April ______, shortly before Estonian independence, the academy regained its original name of Estonian Academy of Sci…
  89. Complete the sentence about Estonian Flag with the correct year: The tricolour was already in wide use as the symbol of the nation, when the Republic of Estonia became an independent country in ______…
  90. Complete the sentence about Estonian Flag with the correct year: In October ______, the public use of the tricolour flag was officially permitted again by the local authorities.
  91. Complete the sentence about Estonian Flag with the correct year: The first such tricolour flag was made in the spring of ______ and consecrated at Otepää on June 4 the same year.
  92. Complete the sentence about Estonian Flag with the correct year: Formally, the tricolour became the national flag of the newly independent country by the decision of the Estonian Provisional Governmen…
  93. Complete the sentence about Coat of arms of Estonia with the correct year: The three lions on the national symbol of Estonia originate from the arms of King Valdemar II of Denmark who conquered northe…
  94. Complete the sentence about Coat of arms of Estonia with the correct year: In ______, the king of Denmark sold his Estonian dominion to the State of the Teutonic Order.
  95. Complete the sentence about Coat of arms of Estonia with the correct year: The use of the coat of arms is regulated by the Law on State Coat of Arms, passed on 6 April ______.
  96. Complete the sentence about Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm with the correct year: The song was first presented to the public as a choral work in the Grand Song Festival of Estonia in ______ and quickly bec…
  97. Complete the sentence about Estonian Provincial Assembly with the correct year: On 12 April ______ the Russian Provisional Government issued an order on the provisional autonomy of Estonia.
  98. Complete the sentence about Estonian Provincial Assembly with the correct year: In its last meeting on 15 November ______, the Maapäev proclaimed itself the supreme legal authority of Estonia until th…
  99. Complete the sentence about Estonian Provincial Assembly with the correct year: In the Constituent Assembly elections in early ______, which were organised by the Bolsheviks, two-thirds of the voters…
  100. Complete the sentence about Estonian Provincial Assembly with the correct year: On 19 February ______, the Committee of Elders of the Land Council decided to proclaim Estonian independence.

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