Victorian VCE · VCE Biology

Immunity, DNA Technology and Change Over Time

35 practice questions, each with the answer and an explanation.

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Random questions from this topic, one at a time. You see the answer and the explanation straight after each one.

All 35 questions

  1. Which type of cell presents antigen fragments on MHC class II molecules to activate helper T cells?
  2. Which cells are responsible for secreting large quantities of antibodies during an immune response?
  3. What is the main role of helper T cells in the adaptive immune response?
  4. How do cytotoxic T cells destroy a virus-infected body cell?
  5. A vaccine against a virus provides long-term protection mainly because it:
  6. A newborn gains antibodies from its mother through breast milk. This is an example of:
  7. A person is exposed to antigen X, and 3 weeks later to antigen X again and antigen Y for the first time. Compared with the response to the first exposure to X, the response to Y will have:
  8. In an allergic reaction, how do symptoms such as sneezing and swelling occur?
  9. Why is Taq polymerase used in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?
  10. In gel electrophoresis, DNA fragments move through the gel toward the:
  11. Restriction enzymes and DNA ligase are both used to make a recombinant plasmid. What does each do?
  12. A gene is inserted into the middle of the ampicillin resistance gene of a plasmid that also has an intact tetracycline resistance gene. Which bacterial colonies contain the recombinant plasmid?
  13. In CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, what directs the Cas9 enzyme to the target gene?
  14. A population is reduced by a bushfire to a few individuals that survive by chance. Which outcome is most likely in the next generations?
  15. A fossil bone contains 12.5 percent of its original carbon-14. The half-life of carbon-14 is about 5730 years. Approximately how old is the bone?
  16. Which scenario is an example of allopatric speciation?
  17. Why is a comparison of the amino acid sequences of a protein such as cytochrome c across species useful for studying evolution?
  18. Which statement about relative dating of fossils in undisturbed sedimentary rock is correct?
  19. Which feature distinguishes the innate immune response from the adaptive immune response?
  20. Human insulin is produced in bacteria using a cDNA copy of the insulin mRNA rather than the gene cut from human DNA. The most likely reason is that:
  21. Which cells recognise antigens and produce antibodies?
  22. Which type of T cell directly kills infected body cells?
  23. Why can a person who has had chickenpox usually not catch it again?
  24. What is an antigen?
  25. Which of the following is an example of passive immunity?
  26. Why are booster vaccinations sometimes needed?
  27. Which technique is used to make many copies of a DNA fragment?
  28. What is the role of a plasmid in genetic engineering?
  29. Which of these provides the best evidence that two species share a recent common ancestor?
  30. What is a fossil?
  31. Which of the following would increase genetic diversity in a population?
  32. Which process results in speciation?
  33. Which of the following is an example of convergent evolution?
  34. A mutation arises in a gene. Which of the following is necessary for it to be passed on to offspring?
  35. In a population of 100 individuals, 16 show a recessive phenotype. If the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the frequency of the recessive allele?

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