USMLE Step 1 · USMLE Step 1: Medical Sciences

Cardiovascular and Renal Physiology & Pathophysiology

6 practice questions, each with the answer and an explanation.

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Random questions from this topic, one at a time. You see the answer and the explanation straight after each one.

All 6 questions

In cardiac electrophysiology, which ion channel opening is predominantly responsible for the rapid Phase 0 depolarization spike in ventricular myocyte action potentials?
A 62-year-old man with chronic systolic heart failure has an end-diastolic volume (EDV) of $160 mL$ and an end-systolic volume (ESV) of $112 mL$ . What is his calculated ejection fraction…
Which nephron segment reabsorbs the greatest percentage of filtered bicarbonate ( $HCO_{3}^{-}$ ) and filtered water under normal physiologic conditions?
A 45-year-old man presents with severe headache and hypertension ( $180/110 mmHg$ ). Renal angiography demonstrates alternating areas of stenosis and aneurysmal dilation ('string of beads' appear…
During auscultation of the heart, a harsh crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur is heard loudest at the right second intercostal space with radiation to the carotids. There is a delayed, weak…
A 28-year-old woman in the ICU receives an intravenous infusion of a potent vasoconstrictor. Hemodynamic monitoring shows: systemic vascular resistance (SVR) increases markedly, cardiac output (CO) de…

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