History and Politics (Philippines)

American Commonwealth Era and World War II in the Philippines

25 practice questions, each with the answer and an explanation.

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Random questions from this topic, one at a time. You see the answer and the explanation straight after each one.

All 25 questions

  1. Under which international treaty signed on December 10, 1898 did Spain officially cede the Philippine islands to the United States for twenty million dollars?
  2. Which young Filipino revolutionary general famously defended Tirad Pass on December 2, 1899 to delay advancing American troops and cover President Aguinaldo's retreat?
  3. Which group of American volunteer teachers arrived in the Philippines on August 21, 1901 aboard the USS Thomas?
  4. What 1916 United States statute established an elective bicameral Philippine Legislature and explicitly pledged future independence as soon as a stable government was established?
  5. Which 1934 act of the US Congress established the Commonwealth of the Philippines as a transitional administration?
  6. Who were inaugurated as the first President and Vice President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines on November 15, 1935?
  7. In which year did Filipino women successfully exercise their right to vote in a national plebiscite, securing constitutional suffrage in the Philippines?
  8. Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, which major US military air base in Pampanga was bombed and largely destroyed on December 8, 1941?
  9. On April 9, 1942, Major General Edward P. King surrendered Allied troops in Bataan, precipitating what ordeal?
  10. Who served as President of the Japanese-sponsored Second Philippine Republic from October 1943 to August 1945?
  11. What was the name of the anti-Japanese peasant guerrilla army founded in Central Luzon in March 1942, led by Luis Taruc?
  12. On October 20, 1944, General Douglas MacArthur and Commonwealth President Sergio Osmeña fulfilled the promise 'I shall return' by landing on which Philippine shore?
  13. Which massive naval engagement fought in October 1944 is widely considered by military historians to be the largest naval battle of World War II?
  14. What devastating urban military campaign in February to March 1945 resulted in the destruction of historical Intramuros and over 100,000 civilian fatalities?
  15. Which Filipino teacher and social worker, born 20 September 1898, was a founder of the Girl Scouts of the Philippines?
  16. Who was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines who was executed by the Japanese invading forces during World War II?
  17. What post-war trade legislation passed by the US Congress in 1946 mandated the controversial 'Parity Rights' amendment to the 1935 Philippine Constitution?
  18. On what date was the Third Republic of the Philippines formally inaugurated upon the recognition of full independence by the United States?
  19. Which Philippine President signed Proclamation No. 28 in 1962, officially moving the national Independence Day celebration from July 4 to June 12?
  20. What upland battle fought in Ilocos Sur in June 1945 paved the way for the capture of General Tomoyuki Yamashita by Allied and Filipino guerrilla forces?
  21. What national holiday celebrated every April 9 commemorates the heroism of Filipino and American soldiers who defended Bataan during World War II?
  22. Where did Commonwealth President Manuel L. Quezon pass away in exile on August 1, 1944 before the liberation of the Philippines?
  23. Which Filipino general and diplomat became the first non-American to win the Pulitzer Prize in Correspondence in 1942?
  24. What was the official name of the collaborationist pro-Japanese political organization formed in 1944 whose members often wore reed masks to point out guerrillas?
  25. Which 1947 agreement, approved by the Philippine Senate on March 26, 1947, concerned US military bases?

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