Nationella prov (Sweden) · Science and Society

Biology, Ecology, Genetics, Evolution and Human Physiology

35 practice questions, each with the answer and an explanation.

Practise Biology, Ecology, Genetics, Evolution and Human Physiology now

Random questions from this topic, one at a time. You see the answer and the explanation straight after each one.

All 35 questions

  1. Which cellular organelle is the primary site of ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation in eukaryotic cells?
  2. During photosynthesis in plant chloroplasts, where do the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) take place?
  3. In molecular genetics, which enzyme unwinds the double helix by breaking hydrogen bonds during DNA replication?
  4. If two heterozygous parents (genotype Bb) for brown eye colour have children, what is the probability that an offspring will have blue eyes (bb)?
  5. Which ecological principle explains why predatory mammals at the highest trophic level have smaller biomass than primary producers?
  6. What evolutionary process is defined as random fluctuations in allele frequencies within small, isolated populations?
  7. Which component of the human circulatory system prevents the backflow of deoxygenated blood as it returns to the heart?
  8. In human endocrine regulation, which hormone is secreted by pancreatic beta cells to lower blood glucose concentration?
  9. What phenomenon occurs when lipid-soluble persistent toxic chemicals like PCB increase in concentration in organisms at higher trophic levels?
  10. What is the primary role of transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules during ribosomal protein synthesis?
  11. Which anatomical structure in human lungs provides the vast, thin surface area necessary for rapid gas exchange with blood capillaries?
  12. Why are males biologically more susceptible to X-linked recessive disorders, such as red-green colour blindness, than females?
  13. What type of ecological relationship exists between mycorrhizal fungi and the roots of boreal conifers in Swedish forests?
  14. Which step in the nitrogen cycle involves soil bacteria converting atmospheric nitrogen gas (N2) into plant-available ammonia (NH3)?
  15. In human neurobiology, what ion influx through voltage-gated channels is primarily responsible for the rapid depolarization phase of an action potential?
  16. Which of the following represents homologous anatomical structures providing evidence of common evolutionary ancestry?
  17. What is the carrying capacity (K) of an ecosystem in population biology?
  18. During cell division, which phase of mitosis involves sister chromatids separating and moving toward opposite spindle poles?
  19. Which blood vessel delivers oxygenated blood directly from the lungs into the left atrium of the human heart?
  20. What primary ecological consequence occurs in an aquatic lake ecosystem following massive agricultural fertilizer runoff containing excess nitrates and phosphates?
  21. What type of immune response is conferred when an infant receives maternal antibodies across the placenta or through breast milk?
  22. Which enzyme synthesized by the stomach lining initiates the digestion of dietary proteins in an acidic environment?
  23. In plant biology, what vascular tissue is responsible for transporting water and dissolved inorganic minerals upward from roots to leaves?
  24. Which of the following is a key requirement for the biological process of speciation through geographic isolation (allopatric speciation)?
  25. Which hormone produced by the kidneys stimulates the bone marrow to accelerate red blood cell (erythrocyte) production during hypoxia?
  26. What is the primary ecological role of decomposers, such as saprophytic fungi and bacteria, in terrestrial ecosystems?
  27. In evolutionary biology, what term describes the reduced genetic diversity that occurs when a population experiences a catastrophic crash in numbers?
  28. Which part of the human brain acts as the primary coordinator for autonomic homeostasis, regulating body temperature, hunger, and thirst?
  29. What term defines the complete set of observable physical, biochemical, and behavioural traits of an organism resulting from genotype-environment interaction?
  30. How does the legal designation of a 'keystone species' reflect its ecological role within a community?
  31. Which structure inside a human nephron is responsible for the non-selective ultrafiltration of blood under hydrostatic pressure?
  32. Why is genetic variation within a species critical for long-term survival in changing climatic environments?
  33. What is the primary function of the myelin sheath surrounding many peripheral and central nerve axons?
  34. Which evolutionary mechanism explains the resemblance between placental mammals and Australian marsupials occupying similar ecological niches?
  35. What primary adaptation allows coniferous trees in the Swedish taiga to conserve water during cold Scandinavian winters?

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