Polish History and Politics

History And Politics

320 practice questions, each with the answer and an explanation.

All 320 questions

  1. Complete the sentence about Warsaw Ghetto Uprising with the correct year: A small resistance effort to another roundup in January ______ was partially successful and spurred Polish resistance groups t…
  2. Complete the sentence about Warsaw Ghetto Uprising with the correct year: In ______, German authorities began to concentrate Poland's population of over three million Jews into a number of extremely c…
  3. Complete the sentence about Warsaw Ghetto Uprising with the correct year: The SS conducted many of the deportations during the operation code-named Grossaktion Warschau, between 23 July and 21 Septemb…
  4. Complete the sentence about Katyn massacre with the correct year: The Katyn massacre was a series of mass executions of Poles carried out by the Soviet Union between April and May ______.
  5. Complete the sentence about Katyn massacre with the correct year: According to a ______ resolution of the Polish parliament's Sejm, it bears the hallmarks of a genocide.
  6. Complete the sentence about Katyn massacre with the correct year: The government of Nazi Germany announced the discovery of mass graves in the Katyn Forest in April ______.
  7. Complete the sentence about Katyn massacre with the correct year: On 1 September ______, the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany began.
  8. Complete the sentence about Polish contribution to World War II with the correct year: The invasion of Polish Second Republic by the military forces of Nazi Germany on September 1, ______, marked the…
  9. Complete the sentence about Polish Air Force with the correct year: During the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany in ______, 70% of its aircraft were destroyed.
  10. Complete the sentence about Polish Air Force with the correct year: The first independent units of the Polish Air Force were formed in ______, before World War I had come to an end.
  11. Complete the sentence about Polish Air Force with the correct year: On 2 November ______ pilot Stefan Bastyr performed the first combat flight of Polish aircraft from Lwów.
  12. Complete the sentence about Battle of Britain with the correct year: In July ______, the air and sea blockade began, with the Luftwaffe mainly targeting coastal-shipping convoys, as well as ports and…
  13. Complete the sentence about Operation Tempest with the correct year: A goal of the Polish government-in-exile in London was to restore Poland's ______ borders with the USSR, rejecting the Curzon Line…
  14. Complete the sentence about Operation Tempest with the correct year: The basic framework of the future uprising was created in September ______.
  15. Complete the sentence about Operation Tempest with the correct year: Beginning in ______, Home Army units were grouped into larger units bearing the names and numbers of prewar Polish divisions, briga…
  16. Complete the sentence about Operation Tempest with the correct year: In February ______, the Home Army chief, General Stefan Rowecki, amended the plan.
  17. Complete the sentence about Operation Tempest with the correct year: The Home Army's commander on the ground, however, took a different approach, and on November 30, ______, a final version of the pla…
  18. Complete the sentence about Operation Tempest with the correct year: On January 2, ______, Red Army forces of the 2nd Belorussian Front crossed the prewar Polish border and Operation Tempest began.
  19. Complete the sentence about Polish People's Republic with the correct year: The name "People's Republic" was introduced and defined by the Constitution of ______.
  20. Complete the sentence about Polish People's Republic with the correct year: In the summer of ______, the Polish Committee of National Liberation was established by Soviet-backed Polish communists to c…
  21. Complete the sentence about Bolesław Bierut with the correct year: After the ______ Polish legislative election, marked by electoral fraud, Bierut was made the first post-war President of Poland.
  22. Complete the sentence about Bolesław Bierut with the correct year: Bierut died of a heart attack on 12 March ______ in Moscow, after attending the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Un…
  23. Complete the sentence about Władysław Gomułka with the correct year: Held as a political prisoner for several years, he was released during the invasion of Poland in ______ and took refuge in Lwów.
  24. Complete the sentence about Władysław Gomułka with the correct year: Gomułka supported Poland's participation in the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August ______.
  25. Complete the sentence about Edward Gierek with the correct year: Gierek was deported to the Second Polish Republic for his communist advocacy in ______ but moved to Belgium and was active in the Belgi…
  26. Complete the sentence about Edward Gierek with the correct year: Gierek became First Secretary when Gomułka was removed from office after the ______ Polish protests were violently suppressed under his…
  27. Complete the sentence about Edward Gierek with the correct year: Gierek opened the first fully-operational highway in Poland from Warsaw to Katowice in ______.
  28. Complete the sentence about Wojciech Jaruzelski with the correct year: The military junta, curfew and travel restrictions lasted until 22 July ______.
  29. Complete the sentence about Martial law in Poland with the correct year: When Edward Gierek succeeded Władysław Gomułka as the head of state in ______, he took decisive measures to boost economic grow…
  30. Complete the sentence about Polish October with the correct year: News of the events in Poland contributed to the more violent but less successful Hungarian Revolution of ______.
  31. Complete the sentence about Polish October with the correct year: The death of Joseph Stalin in ______ and the resulting Destalinization and the Khrushchev Thaw prompted debates about fundamental issu…
  32. Complete the sentence about Polish October with the correct year: In the summer of ______, the 5th World Festival of Youth and Students was held in Warsaw.
  33. Complete the sentence about Polish October with the correct year: By ______, Nikita Khrushchev had emerged as the CPSU's First Secretary, making him the successor to Stalin.
  34. Complete the sentence about Polish 1970 protests with the correct year: In December ______, the government suddenly announced major increases in the prices of basic foods, especially dairy products, a…
  35. Complete the sentence about 1980 Polish strikes with the correct year: To counter this, the government increased food prices just before Christmas ______ which irritated the entire populace of the nat…
  36. Complete the sentence about Solidarity with the correct year: The union's membership peaked at 10 million in September ______, representing one-third of the country's working-age population.
  37. Complete the sentence about Solidarity with the correct year: By the end of August, a Solidarity-led coalition government was formed, and in December ______ Wałęsa was elected President of Poland.
  38. Complete the sentence about Lech Wałęsa with the correct year: In August ______, he was instrumental in political negotiations that led to the ground-breaking Gdańsk Agreement between striking workers…
  39. Complete the sentence about Lech Wałęsa with the correct year: In ______, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, which was received by his wife, as he worried the authorities would not let him return.
  40. Complete the sentence about Lech Wałęsa with the correct year: In ______, Wałęsa was the first foreign non-head of state to address the Joint Meeting of the U.S.
  41. Complete the sentence about 1989 Polish legislative election with the correct year: Parliamentary elections were held in Poland on 4 June ______ to elect members of the Sejm and the recreated Senate…
  42. Complete the sentence about 1989 Polish legislative election with the correct year: In May and August ______ massive waves of workers' strikes broke out in the Polish People's Republic.
  43. Complete the sentence about 1989 Polish legislative election with the correct year: The strikes, as well as street demonstrations, continued throughout spring and summer, ending in early September ___…
  44. Complete the sentence about 1989 Polish legislative election with the correct year: As a result, later that year, the regime decided to negotiate with the opposition, which opened the way for the ____…
  45. Complete the sentence about 1989 Polish legislative election with the correct year: The final agreement was signed on 4 April ______, ending communist rule in Poland.
  46. Complete the sentence about Tadeusz Mazowiecki with the correct year: Tadeusz Mazowiecki was born in Płock, Poland, on 18 April ______ to a Polish noble family, which uses the Dołęga coat of arms.
  47. Complete the sentence about Pope John Paul II with the correct year: Wojtyła was elected pope on the third day of the October ______ conclave, becoming one of the youngest popes in over a century.
  48. Complete the sentence about Constitution of Poland with the correct year: Historically, the most significant is the Constitution of 3 May ______.
  49. Complete the sentence about Constitution of Poland with the correct year: The five years after ______ were spent in dialogue about the new character of Poland.
  50. Complete the sentence about Constitution of Poland with the correct year: The nation had changed significantly since ______ when the Constitution of the Polish People's Republic was instituted.
  51. Complete the sentence about Sejm with the correct year: The Sejm has been the highest governing body of the Third Polish Republic since the transition of government in ______.
  52. Complete the sentence about Sejm with the correct year: The ______ Henrician Articles strengthened the assembly's jurisdiction, making Poland a constitutional elective monarchy.
  53. Complete the sentence about Sejm with the correct year: Following the ______ Sejm in Piotrków, it became a regularly convening body, to which indirect elections were held every two years.
  54. Complete the sentence about Senate of Poland with the correct year: In line with Article 10, Paragraph 2, and Article 95 of the Polish Constitution of 2 April ______, the Senate and the Sejm exercise…
  55. Complete the sentence about Senate of Poland with the correct year: In ______ at Mielnik, senators attempted to force the soon to be crowned king Alexander I Jagiellon to devolve all royal powers rela…
  56. Complete the sentence about President of Poland with the correct year: The first president of Poland, Gabriel Narutowicz, was sworn in as president of the Second Polish Republic on 11 December ______.
  57. Complete the sentence about President of Poland with the correct year: Mościcki continued as president until he resigned in ______ in the aftermath of the German invasion of Poland.
  58. Complete the sentence about President of Poland with the correct year: In Angers, France, Władysław Raczkiewicz, at the time the speaker of the Senate, assumed the presidency after Mościcki's resignat…
  59. Complete the sentence about President of Poland with the correct year: The transfer from Mościcki to Raczkiewicz was in accordance with Article 24 of the ______ April Constitution.
  60. Complete the sentence about President of Poland with the correct year: Bolesław Bierut assumed the reins of government and in July ______ was internationally recognised as the head of state.
  61. Complete the sentence about President of Poland with the correct year: The Senate was abolished in ______ by the Polish people's referendum.
  62. Complete the sentence about Prime Minister of Poland with the correct year: In early November ______, a socialist provisional government under Ignacy Daszyński declared independence, while a separate…
  63. Complete the sentence about Prime Minister of Poland with the correct year: The Small Constitution of ______ outlined Poland's form of government, with a democratically elected Sejm, a prime minister…
  64. Complete the sentence with the correct year: The result was the Sejm's passage of the March Constitution of ______.
  65. Complete the sentence about Constitutional Tribunal with the correct year: The Constitutional Tribunal was established by the amendment of the Constitution of the People's Republic of Poland on 26 Mar…
  66. Complete the sentence about Aleksander Kwaśniewski with the correct year: In ______, he brokered a pro-democratic agreement during the Orange Revolution in Ukraine.
  67. Complete the sentence about Lech Kaczyński with the correct year: Born in Warsaw, he starred in a ______ Polish film, The Two Who Stole the Moon, with his identical twin brother Jarosław.
  68. Complete the sentence about Lech Kaczyński with the correct year: In August ______, he became an adviser to the Inter-Enterprise Strike Committee in the Gdańsk Shipyard and the Solidarity movement.
  69. Complete the sentence about Lech Kaczyński with the correct year: When Solidarity was legalised again in the late 1980s, Kaczyński was an active adviser to Lech Wałęsa and his Solidarity Citizens' Com…
  70. Complete the sentence about Lech Kaczyński with the correct year: From February to April ______, he participated in the Polish Round Table Talks along with his brother.
  71. Complete the sentence about Lech Kaczyński with the correct year: After Solidarity's victory in the ______ Polish legislative election, Kaczyński became a senator and vice-chairman of the movement.
  72. Complete the sentence about Bronisław Komorowski with the correct year: Komorowski thus became the second person to serve on two occasions as Polish head of state since ______, after Maciej Rataj.
  73. Complete the sentence about Bronisław Komorowski with the correct year: Six generations of the Komorowski family owned Kavoliškis Manor until ______ when Lithuania was occupied by the Soviets.
  74. Complete the sentence about Donald Tusk with the correct year: In ______, the KLD merged with the Democratic Union to form the Freedom Union.
  75. Complete the sentence about Donald Tusk with the correct year: In ______, Tusk was elected to the Senate and became its deputy marshal.
  76. Complete the sentence about Donald Tusk with the correct year: In ______, he co-founded another centre-right liberal conservative party, the PO, and was again elected to the Sejm, becoming its deputy…
  77. Complete the sentence about Jarosław Kaczyński with the correct year: Jaroslaw Kaczyński as a student took part in protest during the March ______ political crisis.
  78. Complete the sentence about Jarosław Kaczyński with the correct year: In ______ he became a member of the Polish Helsinki Committee.
  79. Complete the sentence about Law and Justice with the correct year: The governments included coalition ministers from the League of Polish Families and Self-Defence before collapsing in ______.
  80. Complete the sentence about Law and Justice with the correct year: In the ______ general election, PiS took first place with 27.0% of votes, which gave it 155 out of 460 seats in the Sejm and 49 out o…
  81. Complete the sentence about Civic Platform with the correct year: The party was defeated in the ______ Polish parliamentary and presidential elections.
  82. Complete the sentence about Poland in the European Union with the correct year: Changes in Polish politics during and after ______ allowed diplomatic talks regarding Poland's participation in the Euro…
  83. Complete the sentence about Poland in the European Union with the correct year: At the same time, along with the European Agreement, Poland signed a trade agreement included in the Interim Agreement i…
  84. Complete the sentence about Poland in the European Union with the correct year: Poland's agreement with the EEC came into force on 1 February ______, three months after the Maastricht Treaty came into…
  85. Complete the sentence about Poland in the European Union with the correct year: On 8 April ______, the Government of the Republic of Poland made a formal request, in Athens, for membership in the Euro…
  86. Complete the sentence about Accession of Poland to the European Union with the correct year: The treaty was ratified on time and entered into force on 1 May ______ amid ceremonies around Europe.
  87. Complete the sentence about Accession of Poland to the European Union with the correct year: As of May ______, there are no longer any special restrictions on the free movement of citizens of these ne…
  88. Complete the sentence about Visegrád Group with the correct year: The alliance traces its origins to the summit meetings of leaders of Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Poland, held in the Hungarian castle…
  89. Complete the sentence about Visegrád Group with the correct year: All four members of the Visegrád Group joined the European Union on 1 May ______, achieving its main goal.
  90. Complete the sentence about Visegrád Group with the correct year: In ______, the fall of the Berlin Wall and the fall of communism in central and eastern Europe enabled Poland, Hungary and Czechoslova…
  91. Complete the sentence about Polish złoty with the correct year: In ______, the Sejm parliament debated on the creation of a domestic currency and approved the złoty, which until then acted as a unit o…
  92. Complete the sentence about National Bank of Poland with the correct year: The Bank of Poland's gold reserves of Poland were transferred in ______ to Romania, the United Kingdom and Canada.
  93. Complete the sentence about National Bank of Poland with the correct year: In November ______, following the cancellation of Poland's wartime debt, the larger part of prewar gold reserves were returne…
  94. Complete the sentence about National Bank of Poland with the correct year: New legislation in ______ separated the NBP from the Ministry of Finance and gave a role to the Sejm in appointing its presid…
  95. Complete the sentence about Warsaw Stock Exchange with the correct year: The oldest Polish bill was issued in ______ by the Cuyavien bishop Sambor.
  96. Complete the sentence about Voivodeships of Poland with the correct year: In ______, three more cities were granted voivodeship status: Wrocław, Kraków and Poznań.
  97. Complete the sentence about Warsaw Pact with the correct year: The Warsaw Pact's largest military engagement was the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia, one of its own member states, in August ___…
  98. Complete the sentence about Warsaw Pact with the correct year: East Germany withdrew from the pact following German reunification in ______.
  99. Complete the sentence about Warsaw Pact with the correct year: On 25 February ______, at a meeting in Hungary, the pact ceased to exist via joint declaration by the defence and foreign ministers of th…
  100. Complete the sentence about Warsaw Pact with the correct year: The USSR, fearing the restoration of German militarism in West Germany, had suggested in ______ that it join NATO, but this was rejected…

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