Iraqi History and Politics

History And Politics

259 practice questions, each with the answer and an explanation.

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All 259 questions

  1. Complete the sentence about Sumer with the correct year: Jules Oppert was the first scholar to publish the word Sumer in a lecture on 17 January ______.
  2. Complete the sentence about Neo-Babylonian Empire with the correct year: Babylonia was founded as an independent state by an Amorite chieftain named Sumu-abum c. ______ BC.
  3. Complete the sentence about Code of Hammurabi with the correct year: The Code of Hammurabi is a Babylonian legal text composed c. ______ BC.
  4. Complete the sentence about Code of Hammurabi with the correct year: The stele was rediscovered in ______ at the site of Susa in present-day Iran, where it had been taken as plunder 600 years after it…
  5. Complete the sentence about Sargon of Akkad with the correct year: The form Šarru-ukīn was known from the Assyrian Sargon Legend discovered in ______ in Library of Ashurbanipal at Nineveh.
  6. Complete the sentence about Sargon of Akkad with the correct year: In ______, the British Museum acquired the "mace-head of Shar-Gani-sharri", a votive gift deposited at the temple of Shamash in Sippa…
  7. Complete the sentence about Gilgamesh with the correct year: The Epic of Gilgamesh was rediscovered in the Library of Ashurbanipal in ______.
  8. Complete the sentence about Epic of Gilgamesh with the correct year: In ______, Paul Haupt collected the cuneiform text, and nine years later, orientalist Peter Jensen provided a comprehensive edition…
  9. Complete the sentence about Siege of Baghdad with the correct year: After the accession of his brother Möngke Khan to the Mongol throne in ______, Hulegu, a grandson of Genghis Khan, was dispatched we…
  10. Complete the sentence about Siege of Baghdad with the correct year: Invading Mesopotamia from all sides, the Mongol army soon approached Baghdad, routing a sortie on 17 January ______ by flooding thei…
  11. Complete the sentence about Hulagu Khan with the correct year: Hulegu was born to Tolui, one of Genghis Khan's sons, and Sorghaghtani Beki, an influential Keraite princess and a niece of Toghrul in __…
  12. Complete the sentence about Hulagu Khan with the correct year: Not much is known of Hulegu's childhood except of an anecdote given in Jami' al-Tawarikh and he once met his grandfather Genghis Khan wit…
  13. Complete the sentence about Hulagu Khan with the correct year: Hulegu's brother Möngke Khan had been installed as Great Khan in ______.
  14. Complete the sentence about Hulagu Khan with the correct year: Hulegu marched out with perhaps the largest Mongol army ever assembled – by order of Möngke, two-tenths of the empire's fighting men were…
  15. Complete the sentence about Hulagu Khan with the correct year: From at least ______ onwards, Muslims and Christians of every major religious variety in Europe, the Middle East, and mainland Asia were…
  16. Complete the sentence about Hulagu Khan with the correct year: The Mongols under Chinese general Guo Kan laid siege to the city on 29 January ______, constructing a palisade and a ditch and wheeling u…
  17. Complete the sentence about Ilkhanate with the correct year: The last ilkhan, Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan, died in ______, after which the Ilkhanate disintegrated.
  18. Complete the sentence about Ilkhanate with the correct year: When Muhammad II of Khwarazm ordered a contingent of merchants, dispatched by the Mongols, to be killed, Genghis Khan declared war on the A…
  19. Complete the sentence about Ilkhanate with the correct year: Muhammad II's son Jalal al-Din Mangburni returned to Iran in c. ______ after fleeing to India.
  20. Complete the sentence about Timur with the correct year: Writing in ______, John III, Archbishop of Sultaniyya, claimed that she was of lowly origin.
  21. Complete the sentence about Mamluk dynasty of Iraq with the correct year: By ______, Sulayman Abu Layla had established himself as an undisputed master at Baghdad and had been recognized by the Porte…
  22. Complete the sentence about Mamluk dynasty of Iraq with the correct year: After Ali's assassination in ______, his nephew Sulayman the Little took over the government.
  23. Complete the sentence about Mamluk dynasty of Iraq with the correct year: The conflict culminated in the Iranian invasion of Iraq and the occupation of Sulaymaniyah in ______.
  24. Complete the sentence about Safavid dynasty with the correct year: Traditional pre-______ Safavid manuscripts trace the lineage of the Safavids to the Kurdish dignitary, Firuz-Shah Zarrin-Kolah.
  25. Complete the sentence about Safavid dynasty with the correct year: The source of legitimacy changed from the Chinggisids to the Alids when the Safavids captured the Iranian throne in ______.
  26. Complete the sentence about Safavid dynasty with the correct year: The exact Alid ancestry of the Safavids had not yet been formally recorded in their genealogical tree when Ismail I declared his supp…
  27. Complete the sentence about Mandatory Iraq with the correct year: Faisal ibn Husayn, who had been proclaimed King of Syria by the Syrian National Congress in Damascus in March ______, was ejected by t…
  28. Complete the sentence about Mandatory Iraq with the correct year: By July ______, Mosul was in rebellion against British rule, and the armed resistance moved south down the Euphrates River valley.
  29. Complete the sentence about Mandatory Iraq with the correct year: The ______ Iraqi Revolt was a watershed event in contemporary Iraqi history.
  30. Complete the sentence about Mesopotamian campaign with the correct year: The advance stalled when the British reached the town of Kut, south of the city of Baghdad in December ______.
  31. Complete the sentence about Mesopotamian campaign with the correct year: Despite fierce Ottoman resistance, Baghdad was captured in March ______ and the Ottomans suffered more defeats until the Armist…
  32. Complete the sentence about Kingdom of Iraq with the correct year: In ______, the first military coup took place in the kingdom, as Bakr Sidqi succeeded in replacing the acting Prime Minister with his…
  33. Complete the sentence about Kingdom of Iraq with the correct year: During the World War II, the Iraqi government of the Prince-Regent, Abd al-Ilah, was overthrown in ______ by the Golden Square office…
  34. Complete the sentence about Kingdom of Iraq with the correct year: The short-lived pro-Nazi government of Iraq was defeated in May ______ by the Allied forces in the Anglo-Iraqi War.
  35. Complete the sentence about Faisal I of Iraq with the correct year: In ______, the Syrian National Congress proclaimed Faisal king, rejecting the French claim to a Mandate for Syria.
  36. Complete the sentence about Faisal I of Iraq with the correct year: In ______, he presided over the independence of the Kingdom of Iraq upon the end of the British Mandate and the country's entry into…
  37. Complete the sentence about Faisal I of Iraq with the correct year: Faisal died of a heart attack in ______ in Bern, Switzerland, at the age of 48 and was succeeded by his eldest son Ghazi.
  38. Complete the sentence about Faisal I of Iraq with the correct year: In ______, he was elected as representative for the city of Jeddah for the Ottoman parliament.
  39. Complete the sentence about Faisal II of Iraq with the correct year: The Hashemite Arab Federation was formed between Iraq and Jordan in February ______ with Faisal as its head, which did not quell wi…
  40. Complete the sentence about Faisal II of Iraq with the correct year: In July ______, a group of Royal Iraqi Army officers led by Abdul-Karim Qasim mounted a coup d'état and overthrew the monarchy.
  41. Complete the sentence about Faisal II of Iraq with the correct year: Faisal was executed along with numerous members of his family in the process at the Al-Rehab Palace massacre on 14 July ______.
  42. Complete the sentence about 1958 Iraqi coup d'état with the correct year: Opposition groups began to organize in secret, modelling themselves after the Egyptian Free Officers Movement that overthrew t…
  43. Complete the sentence about 1958 Iraqi coup d'état with the correct year: In July ______, units of the Royal Iraqi Army were dispatched to Jordan in support of King Hussein.
  44. Complete the sentence about 1958 Iraqi coup d'état with the correct year: By March ______, the new Iraqi government had withdrawn from the Baghdad Pact and aligned itself with the Soviet Union.
  45. Complete the sentence about Abd al-Karim Qasim with the correct year: Qasim came to power in ______ when the Iraqi monarchy was overthrown during the 14 July Revolution.
  46. Complete the sentence about Abd al-Karim Qasim with the correct year: Qasim was born in Mahdiyya, a lower-income district of Baghdad on the left side of the river, now known as Karkh, on 21 November _…
  47. Complete the sentence about Abd al-Karim Qasim with the correct year: When Qasim was six, his family moved to Al-Suwaira, a small town near the Tigris, then to Baghdad in ______.
  48. Complete the sentence about Abdul Salam Arif with the correct year: During the summer of ______, Prime Minister Nuri al-Said ordered Iraqi troops under Arif to aid Jordan, as part of an agreement of t…
  49. Complete the sentence about Abdul Salam Arif with the correct year: Qasim was overthrown on 8 February ______, by a coalition of Ba'athists, army units, and other pan-Arabist groups.
  50. Complete the sentence about Abdul Salam Arif with the correct year: Nonetheless, Arif demanded that Qasim swear to the Qur'an that it was he, Arif, who had been the real leader of the ______ coup.
  51. Complete the sentence about Abdul Rahman Arif with the correct year: On 17 July ______, while Arif was sleeping, his own assistants along with members of the Ba'ath Party, Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, overth…
  52. Complete the sentence about Abdul Rahman Arif with the correct year: As Arif and his brother had done in the ______ coup against Qasim, the coalition declared victory once they had captured the radio…
  53. Complete the sentence about Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr with the correct year: In ______ al-Bakr was forced to resign from the Iraqi military; the then Iraqi government accused him of anti-government activit…
  54. Complete the sentence with the correct year: The government lasted for less than a year, and was ousted in November ______.
  55. Complete the sentence about Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr with the correct year: Al-Bakr and the Ba'ath Party regained power in the coup of ______, later called the 17 July Revolution.
  56. Complete the sentence about Saddam Hussein with the correct year: Following al-Bakr's resignation in ______, Saddam formally took power, although he had already been the de facto head of Iraq for seve…
  57. Complete the sentence about Ba'ath Party with the correct year: The party was founded by the merger of the Arab Ba'ath Movement, led by Aflaq and al-Bitar, and the Arab Ba'ath, led by al-ʾArsūzī, on 7…
  58. Complete the sentence about Ba'ath Party with the correct year: In ______, the Arab Ba'ath Party merged with the Arab Socialist Movement, led by Akram al-Hourani, to form the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Par…
  59. Complete the sentence about Ba'ath Party with the correct year: The newly formed party was a relative success, and it became the second-largest party in the Syrian parliament in the ______ election.
  60. Complete the sentence about Ba'ath Party with the correct year: The UAR would prove unsuccessful, and was dissolved following the ______ Syrian coup d'état.
  61. Complete the sentence about Ba'ath Party with the correct year: The Military Committee, with Aflaq's consent, took power in Syria in the ______ Syrian coup d'état.
  62. Complete the sentence about Jalal Talabani with the correct year: In March ______, he led a coordinated Peshmerga offensive that brought about the liberation of the district of Sharbazher from Iraqi g…
  63. Complete the sentence about Jalal Talabani with the correct year: In ______, he and the Barzani family had a dispute over the direction of the KDP and Talabani left Iraq and settled in Iran.
  64. Complete the sentence about Jalal Talabani with the correct year: In Iran he purchased weapons without the knowledge of the Barzanis, following which he was expelled from the KDP in summer ______.
  65. Complete the sentence about Iran–Iraq War with the correct year: After eight years of conflict, both countries accepted a ceasefire deal brokered by the United Nations, which became effective in Augus…
  66. Complete the sentence about Iran–Iraq War with the correct year: At the start of the war, Iraq expected a decisive victory, considering Iran's post-revolutionary chaos, but their invasion had stalled…
  67. Complete the sentence about Iran–Iraq War with the correct year: The Iranian military then gained momentum, and recaptured all their territory by June ______.
  68. Complete the sentence about Iran–Iraq War with the correct year: In mid-______, Iraq launched a series of counter-offensives that created the military stalemate present at the war's end.
  69. Complete the sentence about Anfal campaign with the correct year: In March ______, Ali Hassan al-Majid was appointed secretary-general of the Ba'ath Party's Northern Bureau, which included Iraqi Kurdi…
  70. Complete the sentence about Anfal campaign with the correct year: The Kurdish Democratic Party-controlled areas in the northwest Iraqi Kurdistan, were the target of the Final Anfal operation in late A…
  71. Complete the sentence about Anfal campaign with the correct year: The first Anfal stage was conducted between 23 February and 18 March ______.
  72. Complete the sentence about Invasion of Kuwait with the correct year: The Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, codenamed Project 17, began on 2 August ______ and marked the beginning of the Gulf War.
  73. Complete the sentence about Invasion of Kuwait with the correct year: After defeating the State of Kuwait on 4 August ______, Iraq went on to militarily occupy the country for the next seven months.
  74. Complete the sentence about Invasion of Kuwait with the correct year: By 28 February ______, the Iraqi military had been devastated and Kuwaiti independence was restored.
  75. Complete the sentence about Invasion of Kuwait with the correct year: In ______, Kuwait along with other Arab states of the Persian Gulf supported Iraq to curb the Iranian Revolutionary government.
  76. Complete the sentence about Gulf War with the correct year: On 24 February ______, the coalition launched a decisive ground assault liberating Kuwait and promptly advancing into Iraqi territory.
  77. Complete the sentence about Gulf War with the correct year: In the war's aftermath, the Iraqi government suppressed a series of uprisings until 5 April ______.
  78. Complete the sentence about Iraq sanctions with the correct year: The UNSC imposed stringent economic sanctions on Iraq by adopting and enforcing United Nations Security Council Resolution 661 in Augu…
  79. Complete the sentence about Oil-for-Food Programme with the correct year: The sanctions were discontinued on 21 November ______ after the U.S. invasion of Iraq, and the humanitarian functions turned o…
  80. Complete the sentence about Oil-for-Food Programme with the correct year: Security Council Resolution 706 of 15 August ______ was introduced to allow the sale of Iraqi oil in exchange for food.
  81. Complete the sentence about Oil-for-Food Programme with the correct year: Security Council Resolution 712 of 19 September ______ confirmed that Iraq could sell up to US…
  82. Complete the sentence about Oil-for-Food Programme with the correct year: Oil exported from Iraq was paid for by the recipient into an escrow account possessed until ______ by BNP Paribas bank, rather…
  83. Complete the sentence with the correct year: The U.S.' rationale for its ______ invasion of Iraq was that the country still had WMD, and would use them.
  84. Complete the sentence about Iraq disarmament crisis with the correct year: In ______, the U.S. officially declared its support for regime change in Iraq.
  85. Complete the sentence about Iraq disarmament crisis with the correct year: In February ______, U.S. official Colin Powell spoke to the UNSC, alleging that Iraq had hid WMD before inspections, and coul…
  86. Complete the sentence about Iraq disarmament crisis with the correct year: An international ban on distributing nuclear technology was first promoted in the United Nations by Ireland in ______.
  87. Complete the sentence about 2003 invasion of Iraq with the correct year: The ______ invasion of Iraq was the first stage of the Iraq War.
  88. Complete the sentence about 2003 invasion of Iraq with the correct year: In ______, UN secretary-general Kofi Annan called the invasion illegal under international law, as a breach of the UN Charter.
  89. Complete the sentence about Iraqi Governing Council with the correct year: On 1 June ______, the Council dissolved after choosing member Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer as the president of the new Iraq int…
  90. Complete the sentence about Iraqi Governing Council with the correct year: Religious hardliners won a solid victory when Directive 137 was passed on 29 December ______.
  91. Complete the sentence about Constitution of Iraq with the correct year: In ______, a draft constitution was prepared but never promulgated due to the onset of the Gulf War.
  92. Complete the sentence about Council of Representatives of Iraq with the correct year: An elected Iraqi parliament first formed following the establishment of a constitutional monarchy in ______.
  93. Complete the sentence about Council of Representatives of Iraq with the correct year: Following controversy over the implementation of the Baghdad Pact, Prime Minister Nuri Pasha as-Said called for el…
  94. Complete the sentence about Council of Representatives of Iraq with the correct year: The second ______ election was regarded as a sham election, with as-Said's political enemies banned from running a…
  95. Complete the sentence about Council of Representatives of Iraq with the correct year: The assembly was suspended yet again, and in ______ a military coup deposed as-Said and the monarchy, and dissolve…
  96. Complete the sentence about Council of Representatives of Iraq with the correct year: In ______, the Ba'athist regime was forcibly removed from power by the United States of America, the United Kingdo…
  97. Complete the sentence with the correct year: Abd al-Salam took care of the palace and completed it in ______.
  98. Complete the sentence about President of Iraq with the correct year: After the revolution of 15 July ______, elections were scheduled to be held to choose a President of the Republic, but they never t…
  99. Complete the sentence about Prime Minister of Iraq with the correct year: Abdul-Mahdi was replaced by Mustafa Al-Kadhimi, who was approved by the parliament on 7 May ______.
  100. Complete the sentence about Haider al-Abadi with the correct year: In ______, he earned a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the University of Technology in Baghdad.

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