Mexican History and Politics

History And Politics

256 practice questions, each with the answer and an explanation.

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All 256 questions

  1. Complete the sentence about Olmecs with the correct year: Rubber for the balls used in the ceremonial ballgame was produced by the people in the Gulf Lowlands dating back to as early as ______ BC.
  2. Complete the sentence about Olmecs with the correct year: In this region, the first Mesoamerican civilization emerged and reigned from c. ______–400 BC.
  3. Complete the sentence about Maya civilization with the correct year: The Archaic period, before ______ BC, saw the first developments in agriculture and the earliest villages.
  4. Complete the sentence about Maya civilization with the correct year: In the 16th century, the Spanish Empire colonized the Mesoamerican region, and a lengthy series of campaigns saw the fall of Nojpet…
  5. Complete the sentence about Aztec Empire with the correct year: By the time the Spanish arrived in ______, the lands of the alliance were effectively ruled from Tenochtitlan, while other partners of t…
  6. Complete the sentence about Aztec Empire with the correct year: In ______, the Tepanec king Tezozomoc died, and the resulting succession crisis precipitated a civil war between potential successors.
  7. Complete the sentence about Moctezuma II with the correct year: Approximately in the year ______, Moctezuma obtained the rank of tequihua, which was reached by capturing at least 4 enemy commanders.
  8. Complete the sentence about Cuauhtémoc with the correct year: Cuauhtémoc took power in ______ as successor of Cuitláhuac and was a cousin of the late emperor Moctezuma II.
  9. Complete the sentence about Hernán Cortés with the correct year: In ______, Cortés returned back to Spain, where he had died six years later of dysentery and pleurisy.
  10. Complete the sentence about Hernán Cortés with the correct year: Cortés was born around ______ in the town of Medellín, Extremadura, a poor and desolate province of the Kingdom of Castile.
  11. Complete the sentence about La Malinche with the correct year: After the Mexican War of Independence, which led to Mexico's independence from Spain in ______, dramas, novels, and paintings portrayed h…
  12. Complete the sentence about Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire with the correct year: Cortés arrived in Tenochtitlan on 8 November ______, where his men and Indigenous allies took up residence.
  13. Complete the sentence about Fall of Tenochtitlan with the correct year: An inquiry into Cortés' action was conducted in Spain in ______ and no action was taken against him.
  14. Complete the sentence about New Spain with the correct year: The crown established New Spain as a viceroyalty in ______, appointing as viceroy Antonio de Mendoza, an aristocrat loyal to the monarch ra…
  15. Complete the sentence about New Spain with the correct year: New Spain was the first of the viceroyalties that Spain created, the second being Peru in ______, following the Spanish conquest of the Inc…
  16. Complete the sentence about Mexican War of Independence with the correct year: Delegates in Spain and overseas territories met in Cádiz—as the Cortes of Cádiz, and drafted the Spanish Constitution of…
  17. Complete the sentence about Mexican War of Independence with the correct year: The first uprising for independence was originally led by Catholic priest Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, who issued the Cry o…
  18. Complete the sentence about Mexican War of Independence with the correct year: Hidalgo was captured by Mexican royalist forces, defrocked from the priesthood, and executed in July ______.
  19. Complete the sentence about Mexican War of Independence with the correct year: The second phase of the Mexican patriot insurgency was led by Father José María Morelos, who was captured by Mexican roya…
  20. Complete the sentence about Mexican War of Independence with the correct year: The unified military force entered Mexico City in triumph in September ______ and the Spanish viceroy Juan O'Donojú signe…
  21. Complete the sentence about Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla with the correct year: A professor at the Colegio de San Nicolás Obispo in Valladolid, Hidalgo was influenced by Enlightenment ideas, which contri…
  22. Complete the sentence about Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla with the correct year: In ______, Charles III ascended the Spanish throne; he soon sent out a visitor-general with the power to investigate and re…
  23. Complete the sentence about Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla with the correct year: When the Jesuits were expelled from Mexico in ______, he entered the Colegio de San Nicolás, where he studied for the pries…
  24. Complete the sentence about Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla with the correct year: After this, he went to the Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico in Mexico City for further study, earning his degree i…
  25. Complete the sentence about Grito de Dolores with the correct year: When the plot was discovered in early September ______, some plotters decided to proceed with the uprising.
  26. Complete the sentence about Grito de Dolores with the correct year: Around 2:30 am on 16 September ______, Hidalgo ordered the church bells to be rung and gathered his congregation.
  27. Complete the sentence about Grito de Dolores with the correct year: Independence was achieved by the Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire 11 years and 12 days later, on 28 September _____…
  28. Complete the sentence about José María Morelos with the correct year: Born in Valladolid, Michoacán, Morelos studied at Colegio de San Nicolás and was appointed priest of Carácuaro in ______.
  29. Complete the sentence about José María Morelos with the correct year: In ______, Morelos wrote Sentimientos de la Nación, a document influenced by the Constitution of Cádiz where he outlined his progr…
  30. Complete the sentence about José María Morelos with the correct year: Under his leadership, the Congress of Anáhuac was installed in Chilpancingo, and on 6 November ______ declared the independence of…
  31. Complete the sentence about José María Morelos with the correct year: On 22 October ______, the Constitution of Apatzingán drafted by Congress declared that Mexico would be a Republic.
  32. Complete the sentence about José María Morelos with the correct year: In ______, he enrolled in the Colegio de San Nicolás Obispo in Valladolid, where Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla was rector.
  33. Complete the sentence about Agustín de Iturbide with the correct year: The refusal by Ferdinand VII of Spain to accept the Mexican crown paved the way for Iturbide to assume the mantle of emperor on 2…
  34. Complete the sentence about Agustín de Iturbide with the correct year: With his forces defecting to the rebels, Iturbide decided to abdicate on 19 March ______.
  35. Complete the sentence about Agustín de Iturbide with the correct year: When he returned to Mexico in July ______, he was arrested and executed by a local legislature.
  36. Complete the sentence about Agustín de Iturbide with the correct year: Agustín Cosme Damián de Iturbide y Arámburu was born in what was then called Valladolid, now Morelia, the provincial capital of M…
  37. Complete the sentence about Plan of Iguala with the correct year: Following the fall of Iturbide's empire, the Mexican Congress abrogated both the Plan of Iguala and the Treaty of Córdoba as the basis…
  38. Complete the sentence about Treaty of Córdoba with the correct year: The treaty was rejected by the Spanish government, publishing this determination in Madrid on February 13 and 14, ______.
  39. Complete the sentence about First Mexican Empire with the correct year: Following the signing of the Treaty of Córdoba by the last Spanish viceroy in September ______, the plan for a Mexican monarchy…
  40. Complete the sentence about First Mexican Empire with the correct year: The Mexican Congress approved the proposal, and Iturbide was crowned in July ______.
  41. Complete the sentence about First Mexican Empire with the correct year: In October ______, Iturbide dissolved Congress and replaced it with the National Institutional Junta, composed of his supporters…
  42. Complete the sentence about First Mexican Empire with the correct year: Unable to suppress the revolt, Iturbide reconvened the Congress in March ______ and offered his abdication.
  43. Complete the sentence about First Mexican Empire with the correct year: The Spanish Empire disintegrated in the wake of Napoleon's invasion of Spain and the overthrow of the Spanish Bourbons in ______…
  44. Complete the sentence about Guadalupe Victoria with the correct year: Victoria joined Antonio López de Santa Anna's revolt, and de Iturbide was exiled in ______.
  45. Complete the sentence about Guadalupe Victoria with the correct year: In ______, Victoria peacefully passed the presidency to general Vicente Guerrero.
  46. Complete the sentence about Antonio López de Santa Anna with the correct year: In ______ while serving as President of Mexico, Santa Anna, removed from office by the Plan of Ayutla, went into exile.
  47. Complete the sentence about Antonio López de Santa Anna with the correct year: In ______, an elderly Santa Anna was allowed to return to Mexico by then President Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada.
  48. Complete the sentence about Texas Revolution with the correct year: Texians and Tejanos disagreed on whether the ultimate goal was independence or a return to the Mexican Constitution of ______.
  49. Complete the sentence about Texas Revolution with the correct year: In March ______, a second political convention declared independence and appointed leadership for the new Republic of Texas.
  50. Complete the sentence about Battle of the Alamo with the correct year: The Texians defeated the portion of the Mexican Army led by Santa Anna at the Battle of San Jacinto, on April 21, ______.
  51. Complete the sentence about Battle of the Alamo with the correct year: The Alamo church, which had been purchased by the state in ______, was designated an official Texas State Shrine.
  52. Complete the sentence about Battle of the Alamo with the correct year: The Alamo has been the subject of numerous non-fiction works, the first of which were produced in ______.
  53. Complete the sentence about Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo with the correct year: After the defeat of its army and the fall of the capital in September ______, Mexico entered into peace negotiations with…
  54. Complete the sentence about Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo with the correct year: The ratifications were exchanged on 30 May, and the treaty was proclaimed on 4 July ______.
  55. Complete the sentence about Gadsden Purchase with the correct year: The first draft was signed on December 31, ______, by James Gadsden, US Minister to Mexico, and by Antonio López de Santa Anna, pres…
  56. Complete the sentence about Gadsden Purchase with the correct year: In January ______, Asa Whitney of New York presented the United States Congress with the first plan to construct a transcontinental…
  57. Complete the sentence about Gadsden Purchase with the correct year: In October ______, the southern interests held a convention in Memphis, in response to a convention in St.
  58. Complete the sentence about Gadsden Purchase with the correct year: When California was admitted to the Union as a free state in ______, he advocated secession by South Carolina.
  59. Complete the sentence about Gadsden Purchase with the correct year: By ______, however, the majority of the South was not interested in exploiting its advantages in developing a transcontinental railr…
  60. Complete the sentence about Benito Juárez with the correct year: Benito Juárez was born on 21 March ______, in the village of San Pablo Guelatao, Oaxaca, located in the mountain range since named for…
  61. Complete the sentence about Reform War with the correct year: General Félix Zuloaga led army troops to the capital, closed congress, and issued the Plan of Tacubaya on 17 December ______.
  62. Complete the sentence about Reform War with the correct year: On January 11, ______, Comonfort resigned and went into exile.
  63. Complete the sentence about Reform War with the correct year: Liberals accumulated victories on the battlefield until the conservative forces surrendered on 22 December ______.
  64. Complete the sentence about Reform War with the correct year: Juárez returned to Mexico City on January 11, ______ and held presidential elections in March.
  65. Complete the sentence about Reform War with the correct year: After achieving independence in ______, Mexico was alternatively governed by both liberal and conservative coalitions.
  66. Complete the sentence about Constitution of 1857 with the correct year: Most members were moderate liberals and planned to restore the Constitution of ______ with some changes.
  67. Complete the sentence about Constitution of 1857 with the correct year: The Constitution was promulgated on February 5, ______, but the clergy threatened that whoever swore the Constitution would be e…
  68. Complete the sentence about Constitution of 1857 with the correct year: The ______ constitution was Mexico's first "constitutionalization" of a writ of Amparo.
  69. Complete the sentence about Second French intervention in Mexico with the correct year: Without substantial French support, the Second Mexican Empire collapsed in ______.
  70. Complete the sentence about Second French intervention in Mexico with the correct year: Maximilian and the two conservative generals Miguel Miramón and Tomás Mejía were executed by firing squad on 19…
  71. Complete the sentence about Battle of Puebla with the correct year: On December 14, ______, a Spanish fleet sailed into and took possession of the port of Veracruz.
  72. Complete the sentence about Battle of Puebla with the correct year: On January 14, ______, a bill of claims was presented to the government in Mexico City.
  73. Complete the sentence about Battle of Puebla with the correct year: On April 16, ______, the French issued a proclamation inviting Mexicans to join them in establishing a new government.
  74. Complete the sentence about Battle of Puebla with the correct year: A well-armed French warship invaded Veracruz late in ______, landing a sizable French army and forcing President Juarez and his admi…
  75. Complete the sentence about Cinco de Mayo with the correct year: At the opening of the French chambers in January ______, Napoleon III announced that he would withdraw French troops from Mexico.
  76. Complete the sentence about Cinco de Mayo with the correct year: Celebrations began in Columbia, California, where they have been observed annually since ______.
  77. Complete the sentence about Cinco de Mayo with the correct year: On July 17, ______, Mexican President Benito Juárez issued a moratorium in which all foreign debt payments would be suspended for two y…
  78. Complete the sentence about Cinco de Mayo with the correct year: Late in ______, a well-armed French fleet attacked Veracruz, landing a large French force and driving President Juárez and his governme…
  79. Complete the sentence about Maximilian I of Mexico with the correct year: With the end of the American Civil War in ______, the United States began providing material aid to Juárez's republican forces…
  80. Complete the sentence about Maximilian I of Mexico with the correct year: Maximilian was born on 6 July ______ in the Schönbrunn Palace in Vienna, capital of the Austrian Empire.
  81. Complete the sentence about Porfirio Díaz with the correct year: As Emperor Maximilian made a last stand in Querétaro, Díaz was in command of the forces that took back Mexico City in June ______.
  82. Complete the sentence about Porfiriato with the correct year: The fraudulent ______ elections are usually seen as the end of the Porfiriato.
  83. Complete the sentence about Porfiriato with the correct year: Madero challenged Díaz in ______, campaigning under the slogan "Effective suffrage, no reelection".
  84. Complete the sentence about Mexican Revolution with the correct year: Madero challenged Díaz in the ______ presidential election and Díaz jailed him, Madero called for an armed uprising against Díaz i…
  85. Complete the sentence about Mexican Revolution with the correct year: Madero was elected President, taking office in November ______.
  86. Complete the sentence about Mexican Revolution with the correct year: Carranza consolidated power and a new constitution was promulgated in February ______.
  87. Complete the sentence about Francisco I. Madero with the correct year: After Díaz claimed to have won the fraudulent election of ______ despite promising a return to democracy, Madero started the Mexi…
  88. Complete the sentence about Francisco I. Madero with the correct year: The Mexican revolution would continue until ______, well after Madero and Díaz's deaths, with hundreds of thousands dead.
  89. Complete the sentence about Francisco I. Madero with the correct year: Díaz resigned on 25 May ______ after the signing of the Treaty of Ciudad Juárez and went into exile.
  90. Complete the sentence about Francisco I. Madero with the correct year: Madero was elected in a landslide and sworn into office on 6 November ______.
  91. Complete the sentence about Emiliano Zapata with the correct year: Zapata's forces contributed to the fall of Díaz, defeating the Federal Army in the Battle of Cuautla in May ______, but when the revo…
  92. Complete the sentence about Emiliano Zapata with the correct year: In November ______, Zapata promulgated the Plan of Ayala, which called for substantial land reforms, redistributing lands to the peas…
  93. Complete the sentence about Emiliano Zapata with the correct year: In ______, Zapatistas obtained important positions in the government of Morelos after Carranza's fall, instituting many of the land r…
  94. Complete the sentence about Pancho Villa with the correct year: After the defeat and exile of Huerta in July ______, Villa broke with Carranza.
  95. Complete the sentence about Pancho Villa with the correct year: In late ______, civil war broke out when Carranza challenged Villa.
  96. Complete the sentence about Pancho Villa with the correct year: Angered at U.S. support for Carranza, Villa conducted a raid on the border town of Columbus, New Mexico, to goad the U.S. into invading…
  97. Complete the sentence about Venustiano Carranza with the correct year: After becoming alienated from Díaz, he supported the Liberal Francisco Madero's challenge to Díaz during the ______ presidential…
  98. Complete the sentence about Venustiano Carranza with the correct year: Madero ordered an overthrow of the government, sparking the Mexican Revolution, and Díaz resigned in May ______.
  99. Complete the sentence about Venustiano Carranza with the correct year: The Constitutionalists defeated Huerta's Federal Army and Huerta was ousted in July ______.
  100. Complete the sentence about Venustiano Carranza with the correct year: The Constitutionalists negotiated with Villa to accept the new government in exchange for land and a military pension and Carranz…

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