Italian History and Politics

History And Politics

256 practice questions, each with the answer and an explanation.

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Random questions from this topic, one at a time. You see the answer and the explanation straight after each one.

All 256 questions

  1. Complete the sentence about Ancient Rome with the correct year: Archaeological evidence of settlement around Rome starts to emerge c. ______ BC.
  2. Complete the sentence about Papal States with the correct year: In ______, all of Lazio, including Rome, was annexed by the Italian kingdom, which refrained from occupying the Leonine City militarily.
  3. Complete the sentence about Holy Roman Empire with the correct year: By around ______, contemporary sources often referred to it simply as "Germany", reflecting its identification as a specifically Ge…
  4. Complete the sentence about Republic of Florence with the correct year: The Medici faction gained governance of the city in ______ under Cosimo de' Medici.
  5. Complete the sentence about Republic of Florence with the correct year: Giovanni de' Medici, who later became Pope Leo X, reconquered the republic in ______.
  6. Complete the sentence about Republic of Florence with the correct year: Florence repudiated Medici authority for a second time in ______, during the War of the League of Cognac.
  7. Complete the sentence about Republic of Florence with the correct year: The Medici reassumed their rule in ______ after an 11-month siege of the city, aided by Emperor Charles V.
  8. Complete the sentence about Republic of Florence with the correct year: In ______, the pope declared Cosimo the first grand duke of Tuscany.
  9. Complete the sentence about Medici with the correct year: In ______, the family acquired the hereditary title Duke of Florence.
  10. Complete the sentence about Medici with the correct year: In ______, the duchy was elevated to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany after territorial expansion.
  11. Complete the sentence about Medici with the correct year: The Medici ruled the Grand Duchy from its inception under the builder Cosimo I until ______, with the death of Gian Gastone de' Medici.
  12. Complete the sentence about Medici with the correct year: The Medici family came from the agricultural Mugello region north of Florence, and they are first mentioned in a document of ______.
  13. Complete the sentence about Medici with the correct year: In ______, the Ordinances of Justice were enacted; effectively, they became the constitution of the Republic of Florence throughout the Italia…
  14. Complete the sentence about Lorenzo de' Medici with the correct year: On the foreign policy front, Lorenzo manifested a clear plan to stem the territorial ambitions of Pope Sixtus IV, in the name of t…
  15. Complete the sentence about Lorenzo de' Medici with the correct year: The Peace of Lodi of ______ that he supported among the various Italian states collapsed with his death.
  16. Complete the sentence about Lorenzo de' Medici with the correct year: In ______, aged 20, he won first prize in a jousting tournament sponsored by the Medici.
  17. Complete the sentence about Italian Wars with the correct year: By ______, the growth of Protestantism meant the major belligerents faced internal conflict over religion, forcing them to refocus on do…
  18. Complete the sentence about Italian Wars with the correct year: Largely driven by the rivalry between the Republic of Venice and the Duchy of Milan, the long-running Wars in Lombardy had finally been…
  19. Complete the sentence about Italian Wars with the correct year: Lorenzo's death in April ______ severely weakened the League at a time when France was seeking to expand in Italy.
  20. Complete the sentence about Kingdom of Naples with the correct year: Charles' daughter Joanna II adopted King Alfonso V of Aragon as heir, who would then unite Naples into his Aragonese dominions in _…
  21. Complete the sentence about Kingdom of Naples with the correct year: In ______, Naples formally unified with the island of Sicily to form the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
  22. Complete the sentence about Kingdom of Sicily with the correct year: After a brief rule by Charles of Anjou, a revolt in ______ known as the Sicilian Vespers threw off Angevin rule in the island of Si…
  23. Complete the sentence about Kingdom of Sicily with the correct year: The Norman Kingdom was sanctioned on Christmas Day, ______, by Roger II of Sicily, with the agreement of Antipope Anacletus II.
  24. Complete the sentence about Kingdom of Sardinia with the correct year: Beginning in ______, James and his successors conquered the island of Sardinia and established de facto their de jure authority.
  25. Complete the sentence about Kingdom of Sardinia with the correct year: In ______, the island and its kingdom were ceded by the Habsburg and Bourbon claimants from the Spanish throne to the Duke of Sav…
  26. Complete the sentence about Kingdom of Sardinia with the correct year: By the time of the Crimean War in ______, the Savoyards had built the kingdom into a strong power.
  27. Complete the sentence about Napoleonic Italy with the correct year: The fourth Statute, decided on 16 February ______, indicated Beauharnais as the heir to the throne.
  28. Complete the sentence about Napoleonic Italy with the correct year: With the Convention of Fontainebleau with Austria of 10 October ______, Italy ceded Monfalcone to Austria and gained Gradisca, putti…
  29. Complete the sentence about Congress of Vienna with the correct year: The immediate background was Napoleonic France's defeat and surrender in May ______, which brought an end to 23 years of nearly co…
  30. Complete the sentence about Congress of Vienna with the correct year: The Congress's agreement was signed nine days before Napoleon's final defeat at Waterloo on 18 June ______.
  31. Complete the sentence about Congress of Vienna with the correct year: The Treaty of Chaumont in ______ had reaffirmed decisions that had been made already and that would be ratified by the more import…
  32. Complete the sentence about Risorgimento with the correct year: The annexation of Trento and Trieste in ______, at the end of World War I, is often considered the culmination of the Italian unificatio…
  33. Complete the sentence about Risorgimento with the correct year: Harbingers of national unity appeared in the treaty of the Italic League, in ______, and the 15th-century foreign policy of Cosimo de' M…
  34. Complete the sentence about Risorgimento with the correct year: The Italian Wars saw 65 years of French attacks on some of the Italian states, starting with Charles VIII's invasion of Naples in ______…
  35. Complete the sentence about Risorgimento with the correct year: The Peace of Westphalia in ______ formally ended the rule of the Holy Roman Emperors in Italy.
  36. Complete the sentence about Risorgimento with the correct year: A sense of Italian national identity was reflected in Gian Rinaldo Carli's Della Patria degli Italiani, written in ______.
  37. Complete the sentence about Giuseppe Garibaldi with the correct year: The provisional government of Milan made him a general and the Minister of War promoted him to General of the Roman Republic in __…
  38. Complete the sentence about Giuseppe Garibaldi with the correct year: The following year, ______, he led the Expedition of the Thousand on behalf of, and with the consent of, Victor Emmanuel II, King…
  39. Complete the sentence about Giuseppe Mazzini with the correct year: In ______, Mazzini travelled to Tuscany, where he became a member of the Carbonari, a secret association with political purposes.
  40. Complete the sentence about Giuseppe Mazzini with the correct year: On 31 October ______, he was arrested at Genoa and interned at Savona.
  41. Complete the sentence about Giuseppe Mazzini with the correct year: In ______, Mazzini went to Marseille, where he became a popular figure among the Italian exiles.
  42. Complete the sentence about Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour with the correct year: After a large rail system expansion program, Cavour became prime minister in ______.
  43. Complete the sentence about Victor Emmanuel II of Italy with the correct year: In ______, the Third Italian War of Independence allowed Italy to annex Veneto.
  44. Complete the sentence about Expedition of the Thousand with the correct year: In ______ the only force opposed to the Bourbons that proved willing to take up arms was Sicilian independentism.
  45. Complete the sentence about Expedition of the Thousand with the correct year: The memory of the long revolution of ______ was still alive on the island, where the repression by the Bourbons was partic…
  46. Complete the sentence about Expedition of the Thousand with the correct year: On 2 March ______, Giuseppe Mazzini wrote a letter inciting the Sicilians to rebel, declaring: "Garibaldi must come".
  47. Complete the sentence about Kingdom of Italy with the correct year: In ______, the Third Italian War of Independence broke out; it was part of the Italo-Prussian Alliance against the Austrian Empire.
  48. Complete the sentence about Kingdom of Italy with the correct year: Italian troops captured Rome in ______, ending the more than one thousand years of Papal temporal power.
  49. Complete the sentence about Kingdom of Italy with the correct year: In ______, the Italian government reconciled with the Roman Catholic Church through the Lateran Treaties, which granted independence…
  50. Complete the sentence about Kingdom of Italy with the correct year: Italy entered World War II as a leading member of the Axis powers in ______, and despite initial success, was defeated in the North…
  51. Complete the sentence about Kingdom of Italy with the correct year: The Allied invasion of Sicily led to the fall of the Fascist regime. the new government surrendered to the Allies in September _____…
  52. Complete the sentence about Roman Question with the correct year: On 9 February ______, the Roman Republic took over the government of the Papal States.
  53. Complete the sentence about Roman Question with the correct year: On 18 February ______ the deputies of the first Italian Parliament assembled in Turin.
  54. Complete the sentence about Roman Question with the correct year: Following the signing of the September Convention, the seat of government was moved from Turin to Florence in ______.
  55. Complete the sentence about Roman Question with the correct year: Beginning in December ______, the First Vatican Council was held in the city.
  56. Complete the sentence about Lateran Treaty with the correct year: In ______, the Lateran Treaty was recognized in the Constitution of Italy as regulating the relations between the Italian Republic and…
  57. Complete the sentence about Lateran Treaty with the correct year: The treaty and associated pacts were named after the Lateran Palace, where they were signed on 11 February ______.
  58. Complete the sentence about Lateran Treaty with the correct year: Latium, including Rome itself, was occupied and annexed in ______.
  59. Complete the sentence about Italian colonial empire with the correct year: No other colonial attempt in the ocean was made and, by ______, the Venetian and Genoese possessions in the Mediterranean wer…
  60. Complete the sentence with the correct year: By ______ the Egyptians began to pull out of both Sudan and Eritrea.
  61. Complete the sentence about First Italo-Ethiopian War with the correct year: On 5 February ______, Italian troops landed at Massawa to replace the Egyptians.
  62. Complete the sentence about First Italo-Ethiopian War with the correct year: In August ______, the Italians advanced inland again and took Asmara.
  63. Complete the sentence about Italo-Turkish War with the correct year: In the ______ Treaty of Ouchy, which ended the war and gave Italy the possession of Libya, the Italians agreed to return the Dodeca…
  64. Complete the sentence about Italo-Turkish War with the correct year: In ______, Italy and France had signed a secret treaty which accorded freedom of intervention in Tripolitania and Morocco.
  65. Complete the sentence about Italo-Turkish War with the correct year: In ______, the Italian Colonial Office was upgraded to a Central Directorate of Colonial Affairs.
  66. Complete the sentence about Italo-Turkish War with the correct year: The nationalist Enrico Corradini led the public call for action in Libya and, joined by the nationalist newspaper L'Idea Nazionale…
  67. Complete the sentence about Italy in World War I with the correct year: On the Asiago plateau, in ______, an Austrian offensive was followed by an Italian counter-offensive.
  68. Complete the sentence about Italy in World War I with the correct year: The post-war period saw increasing political violence, eventually leading to the establishment of Mussolini's Fascist government…
  69. Complete the sentence about Italy in World War I with the correct year: In fact, a secret agreement signed with France in ______ sharply conflicted with Italy's membership in the Triple Alliance.
  70. Complete the sentence about Italy in World War I with the correct year: Archduke Eugen, who was already in command of the Balkan forces, was promoted to Generaloberst on May 22, ______ and was given s…
  71. Complete the sentence about Battle of Caporetto with the correct year: In August ______ Paul von Hindenburg and Arthur Arz von Straußenburg decided to send troops from the Eastern Front to the Isonzo…
  72. Complete the sentence about Benito Mussolini with the correct year: Fascist militants marched on Rome and Mussolini was appointed prime minister by King Victor Emmanuel III in ______.
  73. Complete the sentence about Italian Fascism with the correct year: According to Italian fascist dictator Benito Mussolini's own account, the Fasces of Revolutionary Action were founded in Italy in ___…
  74. Complete the sentence about Italian Fascism with the correct year: In ______, Mussolini founded the Italian Fasces of Combat in Milan, which became the National Fascist Party two years later.
  75. Complete the sentence about Italian Fascism with the correct year: In November ______, Mussolini declared to the Grand Fascist Council: "We shall bring our border to the Gotthard Pass".
  76. Complete the sentence about March on Rome with the correct year: In late October ______, Fascist Party leaders planned a march on Rome.
  77. Complete the sentence about March on Rome with the correct year: On 30 October ______, the King appointed Mussolini as Prime Minister, thereby transferring political power to the fascists without arme…
  78. Complete the sentence about March on Rome with the correct year: Mussolini's Fascists suffered a defeat in the election of November ______, winning no seats in the Italian parliament.
  79. Complete the sentence about March on Rome with the correct year: D'Annunzio and his followers controlled the city until their expulsion in December ______.
  80. Complete the sentence about March on Rome with the correct year: Since ______, Fascist militias, known as squadristi or "Blackshirts" due to their uniforms, had frequently attacked socialist politicia…
  81. Complete the sentence about March on Rome with the correct year: In the ______ general election the Fascists ran within the National Blocs of Giovanni Giolitti, an anti-socialist coalition of liberals…
  82. Complete the sentence about Victor Emmanuel III of Italy with the correct year: When the Second World War broke out in ______, Victor Emmanuel advised Mussolini against entering the war.
  83. Complete the sentence about Victor Emmanuel III of Italy with the correct year: In June ______, he relented and granted Mussolini sweeping powers to enter and conduct the war.
  84. Complete the sentence about Victor Emmanuel III of Italy with the correct year: After the Allied invasion of Sicily in July ______, Victor Emmanuel discharged Mussolini and appointed Pietro Badoglio a…
  85. Complete the sentence about Victor Emmanuel III of Italy with the correct year: After weeks of negotiations, the Kingdom of Italy signed the armistice of Cassibile with the Allies in September ______.
  86. Complete the sentence about Second Italo-Ethiopian War with the correct year: Ethiopian forces launched a counterattack in December ______ that achieved some gains and temporarily halted the Italian a…
  87. Complete the sentence about Second Italo-Ethiopian War with the correct year: On 31 March ______, the Italians won a decisive victory at the Battle of Maychew, which nullified any possible organized E…
  88. Complete the sentence about Italy in World War II with the correct year: As one of the major Axis powers, Italy entered World War II on 10 June ______, joining the Battle of France in its later stages…
  89. Complete the sentence about Italy in World War II with the correct year: While France surrendered on 22 June ______, the United Kingdom and its Commonwealth continued to fight far beyond the point Mus…
  90. Complete the sentence about Italy in World War II with the correct year: In ______, British Commonwealth forces captured Italian East Africa.
  91. Complete the sentence about Italy in World War II with the correct year: The war effort was hampered by Mussolini dispersing Italy's military strength across several fronts, including the German-led i…
  92. Complete the sentence about Italy in World War II with the correct year: The Allied invasion of Sicily in July ______ brought the fighting onto Italian soil, leading to Mussolini being deposed.
  93. Complete the sentence about Allied invasion of Italy with the correct year: The Allied invasion of Italy was the Allied amphibious landing on mainland Italy that took place from 3 September ______, du…
  94. Complete the sentence about Allied invasion of Italy with the correct year: Following the defeat of the Axis powers in North Africa in May ______, there was disagreement between the Allies about the n…
  95. Complete the sentence about Italian Social Republic with the correct year: The Italian Social Republic was proclaimed on 23 September ______.
  96. Complete the sentence with the correct year: Around 25 April ______, 19 months after its founding, the RSI collapsed.
  97. Complete the sentence about Italian resistance movement with the correct year: The Italian liberal anti-fascist Benedetto Croce wrote his Manifesto of the Anti-Fascist Intellectuals, which was publish…
  98. Complete the sentence about Liberation Day with the correct year: In ______, on the occasion of the 10th anniversary, prime minister Mario Scelba addressed a message to the nation via RAI.
  99. Complete the sentence about 1946 Italian institutional referendum with the correct year: The ______ Italian general election to elect the Constituent Assembly of Italy was held on the same day.
  100. Complete the sentence about 1946 Italian institutional referendum with the correct year: While a laborious administrative unification began, a first Italian parliament was elected and, on 17 March ___…

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