National Health Regulatory Authority Licensure Examination (NHRA Bahrain) · Pediatrics And Obgyn

Pediatric Medicine and Neonatology

31 practice questions, each with the answer and an explanation.

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Random questions from this topic, one at a time. You see the answer and the explanation straight after each one.

All 31 questions

  1. A 3-week-old full-term infant presents with persistent non-bilious projectile vomiting immediately after every feeding. On physical examination, the infant appears mildly dehydrated, and a small, firm…
  2. A 4-year-old child presents with a 6-day history of high-spiking fever unresponsive to paracetamol. Physical examination reveals bilateral non-exudative bulbar conjunctival injection, strawberry tongu…
  3. A 6-month-old infant is brought to the emergency department with sudden paroxysms of severe colicky abdominal pain during which he draws his knees to his chest and screams inconsolably, alternating wi…
  4. A 2-year-old boy presents with sudden barking cough, inspiratory stridor, hoarseness, and low-grade fever that worsens at night. Anteroposterior soft-tissue neck radiograph demonstrates subglottic nar…
  5. A newborn infant delivered at 38 weeks gestation is evaluated at 1 minute post-delivery: heart rate is 120 bpm (2 points), vigorous crying with strong respiratory effort (2 points), active motion with…
  6. A 3-year-old unimmunized child presents with acute onset of high fever, toxic appearance, muffled 'hot potato' voice, drooling, and sitting forward in the 'tripod position' with neck extended. Stridor…
  7. A 6-year-old child presents with tea-colored (smoky) urine, periorbital edema upon waking, and blood pressure of 130/85 mmHg. Two weeks ago, he was treated for impetigo skin lesions. Urinalysis demons…
  8. A premature infant born at 28 weeks gestation develops tachypnea, grunting, intercostal retractions, and nasal flaring within 30 minutes of birth. Chest radiography reveals diffuse bilateral 'ground-g…
  9. A 7-year-old boy presents with multiple recurrent non-blanching purpuric lesions distributed symmetrically over his buttocks and lower extremities, bilateral knee arthralgias, and crampy abdominal pai…
  10. A newborn infant fails to pass meconium within the first 48 hours of life and develops progressive abdominal distension with bilious vomiting. Rectal examination results in an explosive expulsion of g…
  11. An 8-month-old infant presents with an erythematous, scaly, intensely pruritic eruption involving both cheeks, the forehead, and the extensor surfaces of the arms and legs, sparing the diaper area. Th…
  12. What is the first-line antibiotic treatment for an otherwise healthy 3-year-old child diagnosed with acute community-acquired pneumonia without complications?
  13. A 5-year-old girl presents with generalized edema, periorbital puffiness, and foamy urine. Laboratory evaluation reveals 4+ proteinuria, serum albumin 18 g/L (severe hypoalbuminemia), and total choles…
  14. A 9-month-old infant presents with a generalized tonic-clonic seizure lasting 2 minutes during an acute febrile illness (temperature 39.4 degrees C secondary to otitis media). The child returns to bas…
  15. A 14-month-old infant presents with pallor and lethargy. Dietary history reveals that he drinks 1.5 liters of whole cow's milk daily and consumes minimal solid food. Laboratory testing shows hemoglobi…
  16. A 4-year-old child presents with sudden severe ear pain and fever. Otoscopic examination demonstrates an erythematous, bulging tympanic membrane with decreased mobility on pneumatic otoscopy and loss…
  17. A 2-day-old term neonate develops jaundice. Serum total bilirubin is 8.5 mg/dL (145 micromol/L), primarily unconjugated. The infant is breastfeeding well, passing normal stools, and examination shows…
  18. A 6-year-old boy presents with fever, sore throat, and swollen tender anterior cervical lymph nodes. Examination reveals tonsillar exudates and petechiae on the soft palate, with an absence of cough a…
  19. Which congenital heart defect is characterized by the classic 'boot-shaped heart' (coeur en sabot) on chest radiograph and presents with hypoxic cyanotic spells ('tet spells')?
  20. A 3-year-old child presents with acute diarrhea and vomiting for 24 hours. Physical examination shows sunken eyes, decreased skin turgor with skin pinch retracting in < 2 seconds, dry mucous membranes…
  21. An 18-month-old infant presents with fever of 39.8 degrees C for 4 days without an obvious focus on physical examination. On day 5, the fever breaks precipitously, and a diffuse rose-pink blanching ma…
  22. A 12-year-old boy with sickle cell anemia (HbSS) presents with sudden severe pain in his femora, lumbar spine, and chest. He is afebrile. Vital signs are stable, and oxygen saturation is 98% on room a…
  23. A 5-year-old child presents with sudden onset of extensive petechiae and ecchymoses on his limbs 10 days after a benign viral respiratory illness. He is otherwise healthy, active, and afebrile. Physic…
  24. What is the recommended screening test for congenital developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) performed during the routine neonatal examination?
  25. A 2-year-old child presents with sudden onset of severe inspiratory stridor, choking, and unilateral decreased breath sounds on the right side while playing with older siblings. Chest radiograph on ex…
  26. What is the primary nutritional deficiency responsible for Rickets in infants, characterized by craniotabes, rachitic rosary, widened wrist epiphyses, and bowing of the legs (genu varum)?
  27. A 2-week-old full-term male presents with failure to thrive, lethargy, vomiting, and profound dehydration. Serum sodium is 118 mEq/L, serum potassium is 7.8 mEq/L, and blood glucose is 55 mg/dL. Exter…
  28. A 5-year-old boy presents with high fever for 6 days, bilateral bulbar conjunctival injection without exudate, erythematous cracked lips, cervical lymphadenopathy (2 cm), and desquamation of the finge…
  29. A 32-year-old G1P0 at 36 weeks gestation presents with severe persistent headache, blurred vision, and epigastric tenderness. Blood pressure is 172/114 mmHg. Urinalysis shows 3+ protein. What is the i…
  30. A 28-year-old primigravida at 40 weeks gestation in active labor undergoes continuous fetal monitoring. Following contractions, the fetal heart rate demonstrates gradual decreases with nadir occurring…
  31. A full-term newborn infant presents with severe cyanosis within 2 hours of birth that does not improve with supplemental 100% oxygen (hyperoxia test fails to increase PaO2 above 60 mmHg). Chest radiog…

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