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32 cardsPancyprian Examinations (Cyprus)

Pancyprian Examinations Key Facts

Flashcards with key formulas, Greek language and literature facts and dates from the history of Cyprus.

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What is the quadratic formula for

a x^{2} + b x + c = 0

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What is the quadratic formula for

a x^{2} + b x + c = 0

x = \frac{- b \pm b ^{2} - 4 a c}{2 a}

What does the discriminant

b^{2} - 4 a c

tell you?

Positive: two real roots. Zero: one repeated root. Negative: no real roots.

Vieta's formulas for the roots

x_{1}, x_{2}

a x^{2} + b x + c = 0

x_{1} + x_{2} = - \frac{b}{a}

and

x_{1} x_{2} = \frac{c}{a}

Derivative of

x^{n}

, and of

e^{x}

and

ln x

n x^{n - 1}

e^{x}

and

\frac{1}{x}

Product rule for

(uv)^{'}

u^{'} v + u v^{'}

Chain rule for

f (g (x))

f^{'} (g (x)) \cdot g^{'} (x)

How do you find a local maximum or minimum?

Solve

f^{'} (x) = 0

, then check the sign of

f^{''} (x)

: positive means a minimum, negative means a maximum.

Fundamental theorem of calculus for

\int_{a}^{b} f (x) d x

F (b) - F (a)

, where

F^{'} (x) = f (x)

Sum of the first

n

terms of an arithmetic sequence

S_{n} = \frac{n}{2} (a_{1} + a_{n})

Sum of the first

n

terms of a geometric sequence with ratio

r \neq = 1

S_{n} = a_{1} \frac{r ^{n} - 1}{r - 1}

Modulus of a complex number

z = a + bi

∣ z ∣ = a^{2} + b^{2}

, and

z \overset{z}{ˉ} = ∣ z ∣^{2}

Number of ways to choose

k

items from

n

(k n) = \frac{n !}{k ! ( n - k )!}

Conditional probability

P (A ∣ B)

\frac{P ( A \cap B )}{P ( B )}

Equation of a circle with centre

(a, b)

and radius

r

(x - a)^{2} + (y - b)^{2} = r^{2}

Dot product of

a = (a_{1}, a_{2})

and

b = (b_{1}, b_{2})

a_{1} b_{1} + a_{2} b_{2}

; it is

0

when the vectors are perpendicular.

Which two Greek poets won the Nobel Prize in Literature?

George Seferis (1963) and Odysseas Elytis (1979).

Who wrote the Hymn to Liberty, used as the Greek national anthem?

Dionysios Solomos, born in Zakynthos.

What are Katharevousa and Demotic?

Katharevousa was an archaising written form, and Demotic is the spoken language; Demotic became official in 1976.

What was the 1982 spelling reform?

The monotonic system, with one accent mark and no breathing marks.

What are the three modes of persuasion in Aristotle's rhetoric?

Ethos (character), pathos (emotion) and logos (reason).

Who wrote 'Ithaka' and 'Waiting for the Barbarians'?

Constantine Cavafy, who lived in Alexandria.

Which Cypriot poet wrote 'The Ninth of July 1821' in Cypriot Greek?

Vasilis Michaelides.

What are the aorist and the imperfect in Greek?

The aorist is a simple completed past action; the imperfect is a repeated or continuing past action.

When did Rome annex Cyprus?

58 BC.

Who conquered Cyprus in 1191, and who then ruled it until 1489?

Richard I of England conquered it; the Lusignan family ruled from 1192 to 1489.

When did Venice rule Cyprus, and when did the Ottomans conquer it?

Venice ruled from 1489; the Ottomans conquered it in 1570 and 1571.

What happened in Cyprus in 1878 and in 1914?

1878: Britain took over the administration. 1914: Britain annexed the island.

When did the EOKA campaign begin?

On 1 April 1955, led by Georgios Grivas.

Which agreements led to independence, and when?

The Zurich and London agreements of 1959; independence in 1960.

Which states were the guarantor powers in 1960?

Greece, Turkey and the United Kingdom.

Which events happened in July 1974?

A coup against President Makarios on 15 July, then Turkish military action on 20 July.

When did Cyprus join the EU and adopt the euro?

EU: 1 May 2004. Euro: 1 January 2008.

Pancyprian Examinations (Cyprus) in Cyprus

In Cyprus, Pancyprian Examinations (Cyprus) is part of: School-leaving exams.

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Cypriot General Knowledge

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