When evaluating an argument, what logical fallacy is committed when an author attacks the personal character of an opponent rather than addressing the substantive evidence of their claim?
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: D. Ad hominem fallacy
- Step 1: Define fallacies: An argument directed 'to the person' (ad hominem) sidesteps empirical merit and targets the individual's reputation, character, or background.
- Step 2: Attacking personal attributes instead of substantive evidence is the textbook definition of the ad hominem fallacy.
Answer
Ad hominem fallacy.
Why not the others: 'Straw man' distorts or exaggerates an opponent's position to easily refute it; 'False dilemma' presents two options when more exist; 'Appeal to false authority' cites unqualified endorsements.
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