What environmental phenomenon occurs when excessive agricultural fertilizer runoff containing nitrates and phosphates leaches into a freshwater river or lake?
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: C. eutrophication leading to massive algal blooms, light blockage, and dissolved oxygen depletion
- Step 1: Nitrates and phosphates cause rapid proliferation of surface algae (algal bloom). Step 2. The dense bloom blocks sunlight, killing submerged photosynthetic aquatic plants. Step 3. Aerobic decomposer bacteria multiply and consume dead plant biomass, depleting dissolved oxygen (high BOD) and causing fish suffocation. Answer: eutrophication leading to massive algal blooms, light blockage, and dissolved oxygen depletion. Why not the others: Eutrophication does not freeze, evaporate to dry salt, or produce sulfuric acid.
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