NECO Senior School Certificate Examination · Biology and General Science

Human Anatomy, Health, Diseases and Applied Science

35 practice questions, each with the answer and an explanation.

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Random questions from this topic, one at a time. You see the answer and the explanation straight after each one.

All 35 questions

  1. Which blood vessel transports freshly oxygenated blood directly from the lungs into the left atrium of the human heart?
  2. What is the structural and functional microscopic filtration unit of the human kidney?
  3. Which endocrine gland secretes the hormone insulin to stimulate cellular glucose uptake and lower elevated blood sugar levels?
  4. Which part of the human central nervous system coordinates voluntary muscular movement, posture, and motor balance?
  5. What causative protozoan parasite is responsible for transmitting malignant tertian malaria in tropical Africa?
  6. Which insect vector transmits the flagellate protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei, the causative agent of African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)?
  7. What is the biological vector responsible for the transmission of Onchocerca volvulus, the nematode worm causing onchocerciasis (river blindness)?
  8. Which human disease is caused by drinking untreated stagnant pond water containing microscopic water fleas (Cyclops) infected with nematode larvae?
  9. What type of active immunity is acquired by an infant through the routine administration of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine at birth?
  10. What essential dietary nutrient is critically deficient in the diet of young children suffering from kwashiorkor?
  11. What mineral ion is indispensable for the normal physiological cascade of human blood clotting at the site of a laceration?
  12. Which component of human blood is responsible for producing specific neutralizing antibodies against invading bacterial pathogens?
  13. What physiological change occurs in the human thoracic cavity during quiet active inhalation (inspiration)?
  14. Which part of the human nephron is primarily responsible for the non-selective ultrafiltration of blood under high hydrostatic pressure?
  15. Which hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland stimulates the reabsorption of water from kidney collecting ducts into the bloodstream?
  16. What endocrine disease is caused by an acute deficiency of dietary iodine, resulting in an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland in the neck?
  17. Which neurotransmitter chemical substance is released across synaptic clefts at human neuromuscular junctions to stimulate skeletal muscle contraction?
  18. What visual defect occurs when the eyeball is elongated from front to back, causing light rays from distant objects to focus in front of the retina?
  19. Which anatomical structure inside the human inner ear contains the hair cell sensory receptors responsible for hearing (audition)?
  20. What type of synovial joint allows multiaxial rotational movement in all planes, as exemplified by the human shoulder and hip joints?
  21. What bacterial pathogen is the causative agent of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in humans?
  22. Which viral disease is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in West Africa?
  23. Why are antibacterial antibiotics such as penicillin and ampicillin completely ineffective against viral infections like influenza, measles, and common colds?
  24. What environmental phenomenon occurs when excessive agricultural fertilizer runoff containing nitrates and phosphates leaches into a freshwater river or lake?
  25. Why do persistent chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides like DDT exhibit dangerous biomagnification at the top trophic levels of aquatic food chains?
  26. Which atmospheric greenhouse gas is released in substantial quantities from flooded paddy rice fields and the enteric digestive fermentation of ruminant livestock?
  27. What category of household and municipal solid waste is readily decomposed into organic humus by natural environmental saprophytic bacteria and fungi?
  28. What industrial microbiological process carried out by brewer's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is utilized in beer brewing and traditional palm wine fermentation?
  29. In human reproductive physiology, where does fertilization of the secondary oocyte by a sperm cell normally occur within the female reproductive tract?
  30. Which human anatomical organ contains the islets of Langerhans and secretes both digestive juices into the duodenum and hormones into the bloodstream?
  31. What is the primary function of blood platelets (thrombocytes) in the human circulatory system?
  32. Which part of the human brain controls vital involuntary autonomic reflex centers, including cardiac regulation, respiratory breathing rate, and vasomotor tone?
  33. What deficiency disease in growing children is caused by inadequate dietary intake of vitamin D or insufficient exposure to sunlight, leading to soft, deformed leg bones?
  34. Which type of joint connects the parietal and frontal bones of the adult human cranium, allowing zero movement between the bones?
  35. What medical term describes the process of introducing killed or attenuated pathogenic microorganisms into a healthy human to stimulate active antibody production?

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