Which autoantibody in systemic lupus erythematosus correlates closely with disease activity and the development of active lupus nephritis?
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: B. Anti-double stranded DNA antibody
- Step 1: Systemic lupus erythematosus produces an array of antinuclear autoantibodies directed against chromatin and ribonucleoproteins.
- Step 2: High titers of anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies fluctuate with disease flares and correlate strongly with the presence and activity of immune-complex mediated glomerulonephritis.
Answer
Anti-double stranded DNA antibody.
Why not the others: Anti-Ro/SSA antibodies are linked to subacute cutaneous lupus and neonatal congenital heart block. Anti-RNP antibodies in high titers define mixed connective tissue disease. Antiphospholipid antibodies indicate vascular thrombosis and recurrent fetal loss rather than nephritis flares.
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