Which vital involuntary physiological activities are directly controlled by the medulla oblongata?
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: D. Heartbeat rate, respiratory rate, and blood vessel diameter
- Step 1: Recall autonomic vital centers in the brainstem: the medulla oblongata connects the brain to the spinal cord.
- Step 2: It houses the cardiac center (controlling heart rate), the respiratory center (regulating breathing rate), and vasomotor center (controlling blood pressure).
Answer
Heartbeat rate, respiratory rate, and blood vessel diameter.
Why not the others: 'Abstract problem solving, language processing, and memory' are higher cognitive functions of the cerebral cortex; 'Conscious perception of auditory and visual stimuli' is processed in the temporal and occipital cerebral lobes; 'Synthesis and storage of growth hormones' is performed by the pituitary gland.
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