What international status was imposed upon Belgium by the major European powers under the Treaty of London in 1839?
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: B. Perpetual neutrality guaranteed by the signatory European powers
Answer: Perpetual neutrality guaranteed by the signatory European powers. Why not the others: The treaty forbade military alliances rather than establishing a bilateral pact; Belgium was fully sovereign rather than a dominion; Belgium was not part of the German Confederation.
- Step 1: The Treaty of London (April 19, 1839) definitively recognized the independence of the Kingdom of Belgium from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands.
- Step 2: Article VII of the treaty bound Belgium to observe perpetual neutrality towards all foreign states, with Britain, France, Prussia, Austria, and Russia acting as guarantors.
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