Epidemiological models indicate that ---- quarantine protocols are instituted early, transmission rates decline exponentially.

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. provided

  1. Step 1: The clause states the necessary positive condition under which transmission drops.
  2. Step 2: 'Provided (that)' means 'if' or 'on condition that'.
Answer
provided.
Why not the others: 'Unless' means if not; 'Lest' means for fear that; 'Otherwise' is a transitional adverb meaning or else.

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