All official regulations must be published in the state gazette. Document X has not been published in the state gazette. What is the logical deduction?
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: A. Document X is not an official regulation
- Step 1: P -> Q (Official regulation -> Published in gazette). Step 2. Given ~Q (not published). Step 3. Modus tollens: ~Q implies ~P (not an official regulation). Answer: Document X is not an official regulation. Why not the others: Other options make unverified procedural speculations.
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