Which diagnostic technique utilizes the principle of specific antigen-antibody interaction, employing an enzyme that cleaves a substrate to produce a measurable color change?
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: D. ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay)
- Step 1: Early disease diagnosis requires sensitive molecular detection techniques.
- Step 2: ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) relies on specific antibody-antigen binding.
- Step 3: A reporter enzyme (such as horseradish peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase) conjugated to an antibody catalyzes a reaction with a chromogenic substrate to produce a colored product, the absorbance of which is directly proportional to pathogen antigen or antibody titer in patient serum.
Answer
ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay).
Why not the others: PCR amplifies specific target nucleic acid sequences using primers; Agarose gel electrophoresis separates charged macromolecules by size; Southern blotting hybridizes radioactive or fluorescent probes to DNA immobilized on a membrane.
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