NEET UG · Biology

Biotechnology: Principles and Applications

27 practice questions, each with the answer and an explanation.

Practise Biotechnology: Principles and Applications now

Random questions from this topic, one at a time. You see the answer and the explanation straight after each one.

All 27 questions

  1. Restriction endonucleases, often referred to as 'molecular scissors', cleave DNA molecules at specific recognition sites that typically exhibit which structural feature?
  2. In the standard naming convention for the restriction endonuclease EcoRI, what do the letters 'E', 'co', 'R', and the Roman numeral 'I' represent?
  3. In the popular cloning vector , insertion of a foreign gene of interest at the BamHI restriction site causes insertional inactivation of which antibiotic resistance marker?
  4. During agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA fragments, in which direction do the fragments migrate and how are they separated according to size?
  5. Following agarose gel electrophoresis, DNA bands cannot be seen directly under visible light. What stain and illumination source are required to visualize them as bright orange bands?
  6. The process of cutting out a resolved DNA band from an agarose gel and extracting the purified DNA from the gel slice is termed:
  7. The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), developed by Kary Mullis, involves three repeated thermal cycles in which sequential order?
  8. Why is Taq DNA polymerase uniquely suited for the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)?
  9. Which bacterial species is known as the 'natural genetic engineer of plants' because its tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid naturally transfers T-DNA into the nuclear genome of dicotyledonous host plants?
  10. To make host bacterial cells 'competent' to take up foreign plasmid DNA from the surrounding medium, the cells are treated with a divalent cation such as:
  11. In plant genetic transformation, the biolistic (gene gun) method introduces foreign recombinant DNA into target plant cells by bombarding them with high-velocity microprojectiles made of:
  12. In the recombinant screening technique known as 'blue-white selection', recombinant bacterial colonies appear white on X-gal agar plates because:
  13. Bt cotton plants are genetically engineered to resist insect pests by expressing endotoxin genes derived from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis. How does the Bt toxin kill susceptible insect…
  14. Which specific cry genes isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis have been introduced into genetically modified cotton to control the cotton bollworm pest?
  15. RNA interference (RNAi) was utilized to protect tobacco roots from infestation by the parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita. This gene silencing mechanism is triggered by:
  16. How did the American company Eli Lilly manufacture human insulin (Humulin) using recombinant DNA technology in 1983?
  17. What was the genetic condition treated in 1990 in the very first clinical human gene therapy trial on a four-year-old girl?
  18. Why does gene therapy using engineered mature T-lymphocytes for ADA deficiency require periodic, repeated infusions rather than providing a permanent cure?
  19. The first transgenic cow, 'Rosie', produced in 1997, was genetically modified to produce milk enriched with which human protein at a concentration of ?
  20. Human -1-antitrypsin produced through transgenic animals is clinically utilized in medicine to treat which disease?
  21. What is the primary role of the Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC) established by the Government of India?
  22. The term 'Biopiracy' refers to:
  23. Which diagnostic technique utilizes the principle of specific antigen-antibody interaction, employing an enzyme that cleaves a substrate to produce a measurable color change?
  24. In a continuous stirred-tank bioreactor, what is the purpose of the sparger and curved agitator blades?
  25. Downstream processing in biotechnology encompasses which key sequential stages following completion of the biosynthetic fermentation phase?
  26. In genetic engineering, which cloning vector is naturally equipped to replicate in both E. coli and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) because it contains origins of replication from both species?
  27. Golden Rice is a genetically modified variety of Oryza sativa biofortified to combat global malnutrition by producing high levels of which nutrient?

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