NEET UG · Biology

Cell Structure and Function

28 practice questions, each with the answer and an explanation.

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Random questions from this topic, one at a time. You see the answer and the explanation straight after each one.

All 28 questions

  1. Which of the following cellular organelles is enclosed by a single unit membrane and is rich in hydrolytic acid hydrolases?
  2. According to the fluid mosaic model proposed by Singer and Nicolson (1972), what is the primary state and arrangement of the lipid bilayer?
  3. Which component of the bacterial cell envelope determines cell shape and prevents the bacterium from bursting or collapsing in a hypotonic medium?
  4. What is the structural organization of microtubules in the eukaryotic cilia and flagella axoneme?
  5. Which of the following organelles is directly involved in the synthesis of lipids, phospholipids, and steroid hormones in animal cells?
  6. In eukaryotic plant cells, what is the composition of the middle lamella that cements adjacent cell walls together?
  7. Which sedimentation coefficient represents the prokaryotic ribosome and its dissociated subunits?
  8. What is the primary function of the nucleolus located inside the eukaryotic nucleus?
  9. Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes active transport across a cell membrane from facilitated diffusion?
  10. In mitochondria, where are the electron transport chain complexes and ATP synthase enzymes localized?
  11. Plasmids in bacterial cells are correctly defined as:
  12. Which cellular organelle modifies proteins post-translationally by adding oligosaccharide chains to form glycoproteins?
  13. What is the primary structural material of the cell wall in true fungi?
  14. Which type of plastid is specialized for the storage of starches and carbohydrates in plants?
  15. Which eukaryotic cytoskeletal element is composed of fibrous proteins like keratins and provides mechanical resistance against shear stress?
  16. The core of a centriole exhibits which structural arrangement of microtubules?
  17. What is the primary role of the tonoplast in plant cells?
  18. Which cell organelle contains maternal DNA, replicates semi-autonomously by binary fission, and generates metabolic water through cellular respiration?
  19. What is the function of the mesosome observed in prokaryotic cells?
  20. Which of the following is an inclusion body found in prokaryotes that is NOT bounded by any membrane?
  21. The nuclear pore complex in eukaryotic cells allows bidirectional transport of macromolecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Which molecules are exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm?
  22. Which type of junction between adjacent animal epithelial cells forms an impermeable seal that prevents leakage of extracellular fluid across the epithelial layer?
  23. The primary cell wall of young growing plant cells differs from the secondary cell wall in being:
  24. Which enzyme acts as a marker enzyme for peroxisomes by catalyzing the decomposition of toxic hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen?
  25. What is the structural relationship between the cis (forming) face and the trans (maturing) face of a Golgi apparatus?
  26. Which specialized microbody in germinating oil-rich seeds contains the glyoxylate cycle enzymes that convert stored fatty acids into sugars?
  27. Which of the following cellular components is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells without any membrane boundary?
  28. In human erythrocyte plasma membranes, what are the approximate percentage proportions of protein and lipid components?

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