Which cellular organelle modifies proteins post-translationally by adding oligosaccharide chains to form glycoproteins?
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: D. Golgi apparatus
- Step 1: Proteins synthesized on the rough endoplasmic reticulum are transported in vesicles to the cis face of the Golgi apparatus.
- Step 2: As proteins transit from cis to trans cisternae, specific glycosyltransferase enzymes modify their carbohydrate side chains.
- Step 3: This terminal glycosylation generates functional glycoproteins and glycolipids that are subsequently sorted into targeting vesicles.
Answer
Golgi apparatus.
Why not the others: Centrosome organizes spindle microtubules during mitosis; Peroxisome participates in oxidative peroxide catabolism; Ribosome catalyzes peptide bond synthesis during translation but does not glycosylate proteins.
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