Which type of ecological interaction is exemplified by an orchid growing as an epiphyte on the trunk of a mango tree?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. Commensalism (+/0)

- Mutualism,
- Parasitism and Predation,
- Commensalism,
- Amensalism,
- Competition.
  1. Step 1: In population ecology, interspecific interactions are categorized by their fitness consequences:
  2. Step 2: An epiphytic orchid grows on the bark of a mango tree purely for structural physical support and access to sunlight.
  3. Step 3: The orchid derives a clear benefit (), while the sturdy mango tree is neither harmed nor benefited ().
  4. Step 4: Therefore, this association is a classic example of commensalism.
Answer
Commensalism (+/0)
Why not the others: 'Mutualism (+/+)' requires both participating species to derive mutual benefit (e.g., mycorrhiza, lichens); 'Parasitism (+/-)' occurs when the parasite derives nutrition while harming the host (e.g., Cuscuta on host trees); 'Amensalism (-/0)' occurs when one species is inhibited or killed while the other remains unaffected.

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