Passage 1 argues that intellectual property protections incentivize costly pharmaceutical research and development.
Passage 2 argues that strict patent monopolies prevent developing nations from producing affordable generic lifesaving vaccines.
Which reform harmonizes the concerns of both passages?
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: B. Tiered patent licensing permitting affordable generic manufacturing in low-income nations during emergencies
- Step 1: Passage 1 preserves innovation incentives; Passage 2 demands access to life-saving medicines during crises. Step 2. Tiered licensing and emergency compulsory licenses reconcile R&D incentives with humanitarian access. Answer: Tiered patent licensing permitting affordable generic manufacturing in low-income nations during emergencies. Why not the others: Abolishing patents undermines R&D incentives, while century-long monopolies worsen shortages.
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