In the excerpt: 'The CEO's recalcitrance in acknowledging corporate emissions data frustrated shareholders advocating for green investments,' the word 'recalcitrance' means...

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: C. Obstinate defiance of authority and stubborn refusal to comply

  1. Step 1: The CEO stubbornly refused to acknowledge data, frustrating investors. Step 2. 'Recalcitrance' denotes obstinate defiance, non-compliance, or stubborn resistance. Answer: Obstinate defiance of authority and stubborn refusal to comply. Why not the others: Eager cooperation is the exact opposite of recalcitrance.

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