In the context: 'The philosopher posited that human consciousness cannot be reduced to epiphenomena of electrochemical neural firing,' the word 'epiphenomena' refers to...
Answer and explanation
Correct answer: B. Secondary byproducts or accompanying phenomena that lack causal efficacy
- Step 1: In philosophy of mind, epiphenomenalism views consciousness as a passive secondary byproduct of physical brain states. Step 2. 'Epiphenomenon' is a secondary effect or byproduct that arises from but does not causally influence the primary process. Answer: Secondary byproducts or accompanying phenomena that lack causal efficacy. Why not the others: Primary driving forces are the opposite of passive epiphenomena.
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