Estonian History and Politics

History and Politics

242 practice questions, each with the answer and an explanation.

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Random questions from this topic, one at a time. You see the answer and the explanation straight after each one.

All 242 questions

  1. What is the capital of Estonia?
  2. What is the name of the Estonian parliament, which has 101 members?
  3. Which currency has Estonia used since 2011?
  4. Which two countries have a land border with Estonia?
  5. On which date does Estonia celebrate its Independence Day?
  6. Which military alliance has Estonia belonged to since 2004?
  7. In which year did Estonia join the European Union?
  8. Which hill in Tallinn is the seat of the Riigikogu and of the government?
  9. Which tradition gathers tens of thousands of singers on the Tallinn Song Festival Grounds every five years?
  10. How is the President of Estonia elected?
  11. What is the role of the President of Estonia?
  12. When did the Estonian Constitution now in force take effect?
  13. What is e-Residency, launched by Estonia in 2014?
  14. What was special about the Estonian parliamentary elections of 2007?
  15. What is X-Road in the Estonian digital state?
  16. Which Estonian woman became prime minister in 2021, the first in the country's history?
  17. What does the Estonian Defence League (Kaitseliit) do?
  18. What is required of Estonian men by the defence system?
  19. In which year did Estonia become a member of the United Nations?
  20. What is the NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence, based in Tallinn?
  21. How are companies taxed on profits in Estonia?
  22. Who are the largest minority group in Estonia?
  23. How long is the term of the Riigikogu between regular elections?
  24. In which city does the Supreme Court of Estonia sit?
  25. What does Victory Day (Võidupüha), celebrated on 23 June, commemorate?
  26. In which year did Estonia become a member of the Council of Europe?
  27. What happens if the Riigikogu fails to elect a president in three rounds?
  28. Which list gives these events in the correct order: restoration of independence, NATO membership, Schengen entry, euro adoption?
  29. What does the once-only principle mean in Estonian e-government?
  30. For how long did the kroon serve as Estonia's currency, from June 1992 until the euro in January 2011?
  31. What makes Estonia's political system parliamentary and not presidential?
  32. What is meant by the legal continuity of the Republic of Estonia?
  33. Which two bodies review whether laws and acts agree with the Constitution in Estonia?
  34. Which pair of facts describes Estonia's international position?
  35. Who composed the melody that the national anthem of Estonia shares with the anthem of Finland?
  36. In which Tallinn park and palace district is the Office of the President of Estonia located?
  37. Complete the sentence about Livonian Crusade with the correct year: When William of Modena was finally appointed legate in late ______, it was at the request of Albert of Riga rather than by the pope'…
  38. Complete the sentence about Northern Crusades with the correct year: The first mention of these crusades is from ______, when crusader Esbern Snare mentioned a major victory over the Finns in his Chri…
  39. Complete the sentence about Northern Crusades with the correct year: Dumell debates whether places such as a fort in Saxby near Porvoo could be a product of this Danish presence, possibly built during…
  40. Complete the sentence about Northern Crusades with the correct year: In ______, Albert of Buxhoeveden was appointed by Archbishop Hartwig II of Bremen to Christianize the Baltic countries.
  41. Complete the sentence about Danish Estonia with the correct year: During the Livonian crusade in ______, Pope Honorius III gave Valdemar II a free hand to annex as much land as he could conquer in Est…
  42. Complete the sentence about Danish Estonia with the correct year: In ______, the King of Denmark gave up his claim on the southern Estonian provinces of Sakala and Ugaunia, which had already been conq…
  43. Complete the sentence about Danish Estonia with the correct year: In ______, the Livonian Brothers of the Sword conquered all Danish territories in northern Estonia.
  44. Complete the sentence about Danish Estonia with the correct year: After their defeat in the Battle of Saule, the surviving members of the order merged into the Teutonic Order of Prussia in ______.
  45. Complete the sentence about Danish Estonia with the correct year: On 7 June ______ the Teutonic Order concluded the Treaty of Stensby at a royal fortress in the south of Zealand with the Danish king…
  46. Complete the sentence about Livonian Order with the correct year: The Livonian Order was an autonomous branch of the Teutonic Order, formed in ______.
  47. Complete the sentence about Livonian Order with the correct year: In ______, the Teutonic Knights of Livonia signed the Treaty of Stensby with the Kingdom of Denmark.
  48. Complete the sentence about Livonian Order with the correct year: In ______, the Livonian Order tried to take the city of Novgorod.
  49. Complete the sentence about Livonian Order with the correct year: In ______, Lithuanians took Karkus Castle north of Riga, and defeated the order in the Battle of Turaida, killing Livonian Land Master…
  50. Complete the sentence about Livonian Order with the correct year: In ______, the order bought the Duchy of Estonia from King Valdemar IV of Denmark.
  51. Complete the sentence about Livonian Order with the correct year: During the Livonian War, however, the order suffered a decisive defeat by troops of Muscovite Russia in the Battle of Ergeme in ______…
  52. Complete the sentence about Terra Mariana with the correct year: In ______ the Livonian Order bought the Duchy of Estonia from Denmark.
  53. Complete the sentence about Terra Mariana with the correct year: In ______, during the Livonian War, Terra Mariana ceased to exist.
  54. Complete the sentence about Terra Mariana with the correct year: In ______ the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana, a state decoration, was instituted to honor the independence of Estonia.
  55. Complete the sentence about Terra Mariana with the correct year: In ______ Pope Celestine III called for a crusade against the pagans in Northern Europe.
  56. Complete the sentence about Swedish Estonia with the correct year: For Sweden, it resulted in Sweden keeping the territory that had in ______ sought Swedish protection, and additionally in the capture…
  57. Complete the sentence about Swedish Estonia with the correct year: Sweden started to reorganise the government in the new duchy only after the conclusion of the peace treaty with Russia in ______.
  58. Complete the sentence about Great Northern War with the correct year: The remaining Swedish forces in plague-stricken areas south and east of the Baltic Sea were evicted, with the last city, Tallinn…
  59. Complete the sentence about Great Northern War with the correct year: From June ______, Denmark and Russia prepared a joint invasion of Sweden proper, which the Tsar envisioned as dealing the Swedish…
  60. Complete the sentence about Great Northern War with the correct year: In ______, Sweden launched a second and even larger campaign against Norway.
  61. Complete the sentence about Governorate of Estonia with the correct year: The Estonia Governorate was established in ______ when Paul I's reforms abolished the Reval Viceroyalty.
  62. Complete the sentence about Governorate of Estonia with the correct year: The governorate gained more territories from the Governorate of Livonia and was granted autonomy on 12 April ______, and laste…
  63. Complete the sentence about Governorate of Estonia with the correct year: The Estonian independence that came on 24 February ______ marked the permanent end for the governorate.
  64. Complete the sentence about Governorate of Estonia with the correct year: Seeking to regain lost territories, in ______, Tsar Peter I and his allies invaded Sweden, beginning the Great Northern War.
  65. Complete the sentence about Governorate of Estonia with the correct year: In ______, the Russians advanced into Estonia and Livonia, which were incorporated into Russia.
  66. Complete the sentence about Governorate of Livonia with the correct year: Following the February Revolution in ______, the northern Estonian-majority counties were merged into the Autonomous Governora…
  67. Complete the sentence about Governorate of Livonia with the correct year: Sweden formally ceded Swedish Livonia to Russia in ______ with the Treaty of Nystad.
  68. Complete the sentence about Governorate of Livonia with the correct year: In ______ Smolensk Governorate was separated from the governorate, which now had five provinces: Riga, Wenden, Dorpat, Pernau…
  69. Complete the sentence about Governorate of Livonia with the correct year: On 3 July ______ Catherine the Great reorganized the governorate into the Riga Viceroyalty.
  70. Complete the sentence about Governorate of Livonia with the correct year: In ______, under Paul I's reforms, the territory was reconstituted as the Governorate of Livonia.
  71. Complete the sentence about Governorate of Livonia with the correct year: In ______ the serfs of Livonia were liberated by Tsar Alexander I, in a precursor to his plans for the rest of Russia.
  72. Complete the sentence about Estonian national awakening with the correct year: The Bible was translated in ______, and the number of books and brochures published in Estonian increased from 18 in the…
  73. Complete the sentence about Estonian national awakening with the correct year: Postimees, the first Estonian daily, began appearing in ______.
  74. Complete the sentence about Carl Robert Jakobson with the correct year: In ______, Jakobson established the first Estonian-language political newspaper Sakala.
  75. Complete the sentence about Carl Robert Jakobson with the correct year: Jakobson died on 19 March ______, at the age of 40 in the village of Kurgja, where he lived in the Kurgja Manor.
  76. Complete the sentence about Carl Robert Jakobson with the correct year: In ______, the Museum of Carl Robert Jakobson was established by Jakobson's oldest daughter, Linda, in their family estate in Ku…
  77. Complete the sentence about Jakob Hurt with the correct year: Instead, he worked as a schoolmaster and was elected president of the committee of the Estonian Aleksander School in ______.
  78. Complete the sentence about Estonian War of Independence with the correct year: In late November ______, the Bolshevik Soviet Russian armed forces moved against Estonia.
  79. Complete the sentence about Estonian War of Independence with the correct year: On 28 November ______, the Soviet 6th Red Rifle Division attacked the border town of Narva, marking the beginning of the…
  80. Complete the sentence about Estonian Declaration of Independence with the correct year: On 2 February ______, the Tartu Peace Treaty was signed by the Republic of Estonia and Bolshevik Russia.
  81. Complete the sentence about Estonian Declaration of Independence with the correct year: The Republic of Estonia obtained international recognition and became a member of the League of Nations in _____…
  82. Complete the sentence about Konstantin Päts with the correct year: During his presidency, the Stalinist Soviet Union invaded and occupied Estonia in June ______.
  83. Complete the sentence about Konstantin Päts with the correct year: As president, he was forced to sign decrees for over a month, until being arrested and deported to Soviet Russia, where he died in __…
  84. Complete the sentence about Konstantin Päts with the correct year: After the petition, Jakob came into conflict with the local nobility and in ______ he was forced to move to Tahkuranna near Pärnu.
  85. Complete the sentence about Konstantin Päts with the correct year: As Päts' father was unable to find a job in Tahkuranna, the family moved to a rental apartment in Pärnu in ______.
  86. Complete the sentence about Jaan Tõnisson with the correct year: Tõnisson was still alive in June ______, when he is known to have been imprisoned, and interrogated, in Tallinn.
  87. Complete the sentence about Jaan Tõnisson with the correct year: According to circumstantial evidence, Tõnisson was most probably executed by the Soviet NKVD in the beginning of July ______.
  88. Complete the sentence about Jaan Tõnisson with the correct year: In ______, Tõnisson became the editor of the largest Estonian daily, Postimees.
  89. Complete the sentence about Johan Laidoner with the correct year: Born in Viiratsi, Kreis Fellin, Governorate of Livonia, Laidoner joined the Imperial Russian Army in ______ and fought in World War I.
  90. Complete the sentence about Johan Laidoner with the correct year: Following the Russian Revolution in ______, he commanded the Estonian national units of the Russian army.
  91. Complete the sentence about Johan Laidoner with the correct year: In ______, the Estonian Provisional Government appointed him commander-in-chief of the armed forces of the newly independent Republic…
  92. Complete the sentence about Jaan Poska with the correct year: In April ______, he became the governor of the Autonomous Governorate of Estonia.
  93. Complete the sentence about Jaan Poska with the correct year: The following Estonian War of Independence against the Soviet Russian invasion lasted until February ______.
  94. Complete the sentence about Jaan Poska with the correct year: On 24 February ______, Poska was appointed the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Estonia.
  95. Complete the sentence about Republic of Estonia with the correct year: Independence was secured with the Tartu Peace Treaty, signed on 2 February ______.
  96. Complete the sentence about Republic of Estonia with the correct year: The first Estonian constitution was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 15 April ______.
  97. Complete the sentence about Republic of Estonia with the correct year: In ______, Estonia became a full member of the League of Nations and developed successful economic relations with many countries…
  98. Complete the sentence about Estonian Constitution of 1938 with the correct year: In a referendum held in ______, voters rejected two proposed drafts of a new Constitution.
  99. Complete the sentence about Estonian Constitution of 1938 with the correct year: In ______, a referendum approved the formation of a National Assembly to draft a replacement document.
  100. Complete the sentence about Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact with the correct year: Subsequently, rapprochement between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany began in early ______.

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