Peruvian History and Politics

Conquest, Independence and Republic

22 practice questions, each with the answer and an explanation.

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Random questions from this topic, one at a time. You see the answer and the explanation straight after each one.

All 22 questions

  1. On which date did José de San Martín proclaim Peru's independence in Lima, a day now celebrated as a national holiday?
  2. Which battle, fought on 9 December 1824 under Antonio José de Sucre, ended Spanish rule on the South American mainland?
  3. What name did Pizarro first give to Lima when he founded it on 18 January 1535 beside the Rímac river?
  4. In which year was the Viceroyalty of Peru created, with Lima as its capital?
  5. How did the Spanish crown reduce the size of the Viceroyalty of Peru during the 18th century?
  6. Who led the large indigenous rebellion of 1780 around Cusco, and was executed there in 1781?
  7. Which general of the Liberating Army, born in Venezuela, joined the final campaign of 1824 that included the battle of Junín?
  8. What was the last Spanish stronghold in Peru, which surrendered in January 1826 after a long siege?
  9. What was the Peru-Bolivian Confederation of 1836 to 1839?
  10. What did the Combate del Dos de Mayo (2 May 1866) at Callao involve?
  11. Which president abolished slavery in Peru in 1854 and also ended the tribute that indigenous people had paid?
  12. Between which countries was the War of the Pacific fought from 1879 to 1883?
  13. Which Peruvian naval officer commanded the ironclad Huáscar and died at the battle of Angamos on 8 October 1879?
  14. Which colonel died defending the Morro de Arica on 7 June 1880, and is a national hero of Peru?
  15. Which treaty ended the War of the Pacific for Peru in 1883, ceding Tarapacá to Chile and leaving Tacna and Arica under Chilean control for a period?
  16. How was the dispute over Tacna and Arica resolved in 1929?
  17. Who led the Peruvian guerrilla campaign in the Andes known as the Breña Campaign, against the Chilean occupation?
  18. In which year did women in Peru gain the right to vote in national elections?
  19. Which general led the military government that took power in Peru in 1968 and began a large agrarian reform in 1969?
  20. Under the present constitution of Peru, how often is a president elected, and what is the voting age and rule?
  21. How many departments does Peru have, apart from the Constitutional Province of Callao?
  22. Who rediscovered Machu Picchu for the outside world in 1911, guided by local farmers?

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