MDCAT Pakistan · Biology

Human Physiology and Organ Systems

28 practice questions, each with the answer and an explanation.

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Random questions from this topic, one at a time. You see the answer and the explanation straight after each one.

All 28 questions

  1. In neurophysiology, what molecular pump maintains the resting membrane potential of approximately -70 mV across an axonal membrane?
  2. On an electrocardiogram (ECG), which waveform corresponds directly to ventricular depolarization?
  3. How does an increase in blood PCO2, hydrogen ion concentration, and temperature affect the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve (Bohr effect)?
  4. In renal physiology, if a patient has a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 125 mL/min, how many liters of glomerular filtrate are produced in 24 hours?
  5. Which hormone produced by the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) increases water permeability in the collecting ducts of the kidney by inserting aquaporin-2 channels?
  6. What event triggers the release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the sarcoplasm during skeletal muscle contraction?
  7. Which specialized cardiac tissue serves as the primary pacemaker of the human heart due to having the fastest intrinsic rate of spontaneous diastolic depolarization?
  8. What digestive hormone secreted by duodenal mucosal S cells stimulates the release of bicarbonate-rich pancreatic juice to neutralize acidic gastric chyme?
  9. In the human female menstrual cycle, what endocrine event directly triggers ovulation approximately 24 to 36 hours later?
  10. Which chamber of the human heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body?
  11. Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
  12. Which blood cells carry oxygen?
  13. Which part of the nephron is the site of ultrafiltration?
  14. Which hormone lowers blood glucose?
  15. Which gland secretes thyroxine?
  16. Where is most of the digested food absorbed in the human body?
  17. Which enzyme begins protein digestion in the stomach?
  18. Which enzyme in saliva begins the digestion of starch?
  19. Which structure stores bile?
  20. Which muscle separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities?
  21. Which neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction?
  22. Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination?
  23. Which part of the brain regulates heart rate and breathing?
  24. Which hormone is released by the posterior pituitary and increases water reabsorption in the kidney?
  25. A person loses a lot of water by sweating. What happens to the secretion of antidiuretic hormone?
  26. Which vitamin deficiency causes scurvy?
  27. Which vitamin deficiency causes rickets?
  28. What is the normal blood pH range of the human body?

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