DHA Dubai · Medical Sciences & Healthcare

Clinical Medicine, Emergency Care and Therapeutics

44 practice questions, each with the answer and an explanation.

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Random questions from this topic, one at a time. You see the answer and the explanation straight after each one.

All 44 questions

  1. A 62-year-old male presents with severe crushing retrosternal chest pain. ECG confirms acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). According to AHA/ACC guidelines, what is the target door-to-bal…
  2. A 45-year-old female presents to the emergency department in septic shock with a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 52 mmHg despite receiving 30 mL/kg of IV crystalloids. Which vasopressor is the first-l…
  3. A 28-year-old male with severe acute asthma exacerbation develops acute respiratory distress, tracheal deviation to the right, and absent breath sounds over the left hemithorax with hypotension (BP 78…
  4. A 54-year-old chronic kidney disease patient presents with severe muscle weakness. The serum potassium is 7.2 mEq/L, and ECG shows tall peaked T waves with widening QRS complexes. Which medication mus…
  5. A 4-year-old child weighing 18 kg is admitted for dehydration. Using the standard Holliday-Segar formula, what is the calculated 24-hour maintenance fluid volume requirement?
  6. A 36-year-old woman is evaluated for profound fatigue and pallor. Complete blood count shows microcytic hypochromic anemia. Which laboratory test provides the most accurate assessment of total body st…
  7. A 23-year-old male is brought to the emergency department unconscious following intentional ingestion of 25 grams of acetaminophen 6 hours prior. Which antidote should be administered immediately?
  8. A 70-year-old female with non-valvular atrial fibrillation has a history of hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and a prior ischemic stroke 2 years ago. What is her CHA₂DS₂-VASc score?
  9. During cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for adult cardiac arrest, which cardiac rhythm is categorized as a shockable rhythm requiring immediate defibrillation?
  10. A 68-year-old male receiving therapeutic unfractionated heparin for pulmonary embolism exhibits a 60% drop in platelet count on day 6 of therapy. What is the most critical initial management step?
  11. A 21-year-old university student is admitted with fever, photophobia, severe headache, and nuchal rigidity. Lumbar puncture confirms purulent bacterial meningitis. According to clinical guidelines, wh…
  12. A healthcare worker sustains a deep percutaneous needlestick injury with blood from an HIV-positive patient. According to CDC and WHO guidelines, within what maximum timeframe should Post-Exposure Pro…
  13. A 72-year-old patient taking warfarin for atrial fibrillation presents with acute spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage and an INR of 4.8. What is the most effective therapy for rapid reversal of antico…
  14. A 50-year-old male with a history of alcohol use disorder presents with sudden severe epigastric pain radiating directly to the back, relieved by leaning forward. Which serum biomarker is most specifi…
  15. A 26-year-old female presents with sudden-onset pleuritic chest pain, tachypnea, and hemoptysis following an 14-hour long-haul flight. She is hemodynamically stable. What is the initial diagnostic ima…
  16. A 48-year-old female presents with an asymptomatic blood pressure reading of 210/125 mmHg. Fundoscopic examination reveals bilateral optic disc edema (papilledema), and serum creatinine is acutely ele…
  17. Which medication is recommended as first-line therapy for the termination of acute generalized status epilepticus in adults who have intravenous access?
  18. A 34-year-old male with type 1 diabetes presents with nausea, vomiting, Kussmaul respirations, blood glucose of 480 mg/dL, arterial pH of 7.15, and positive serum ketones. What is the most appropriate…
  19. Which pathogen is the most common causative agent of uncomplicated Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) in outpatient adults across all age groups?
  20. A 55-year-old male presents with excruciating pain, erythema, and marked swelling over the first metatarsophalangeal joint (podagra). Arthrocentesis reveals needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crys…
  21. According to IDSA and SHEA guidelines, which oral antimicrobial is recommended as first-line therapy for an initial episode of non-severe Clostridioides difficile infection?
  22. Which triad of clinical signs—classically termed Cushing's triad—indicates life-threateningly elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) with impending brain herniation?
  23. Ten minutes into a packed red blood cell transfusion, a patient develops acute fever, chills, dyspnea, flank pain, and dark urine. What is the immediate priority nursing action?
  24. What is the primary electrocardiographic manifestation associated with therapeutic Digoxin effect, distinct from acute toxicity?
  25. A 60-year-old male on chronic lisinopril therapy for hypertension presents to the emergency clinic with acute painless swelling of his lips, tongue, and uvula without urticaria. What is the underlying…
  26. In an unconscious adult patient discovered with severe hypoglycemia (capillary blood glucose 32 mg/dL) in an outpatient clinic with no intravenous access established, which medication should be admini…
  27. In an acute ischemic stroke with disabling neurological deficits and no hemorrhage on non-contrast head CT, what is the approved time window for intravenous alteplase from symptom onset?
  28. A 30-year-old male experiences continuous generalized tonic-clonic convulsions lasting 8 minutes without regaining consciousness. What is the immediate first-line intravenous medication?
  29. A 48-year-old female presents with the sudden onset of the 'worst headache of my life'. What initial diagnostic investigation is indicated immediately?
  30. A 32-year-old female presents with fluctuating ptosis and diplopia that worsen towards evening. What autoantibody test is most sensitive and specific for this condition?
  31. A 60-year-old male with a heavy smoking history presents with proximal muscle weakness that improves with repeated muscle contraction. What underlying malignancy is most strongly associated?
  32. A 28-year-old male develops ascending symmetrical flaccid paralysis and hyporeflexia 2 weeks after a diarrheal illness. What cerebrospinal fluid finding is characteristic?
  33. A 26-year-old female presents with optic neuritis and paresthesias. Brain MRI reveals periventricular white matter demyelinating plaques. What CSF finding supports the diagnosis?
  34. A 68-year-old male exhibits an asymmetric 4-Hz resting pill-rolling tremor, cogwheel rigidity, and bradykinesia. What is the most effective pharmacologic therapy?
  35. A 20-year-old male is struck in the temporal region during a match. He loses consciousness, awakens completely lucid for 2 hours, then rapidly deteriorates into coma. What is the diagnosis?
  36. Under the Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis (Sepsis-3), how is clinical sepsis defined in a patient with suspected infection?
  37. In a patient with septic shock refractory to adequate intravenous crystalloid resuscitation, what is the first-line vasopressor of choice?
  38. A 72-year-old male presents with acute bacterial meningitis. In addition to intravenous ceftriaxone and vancomycin, which antibiotic must be added to cover Listeria monocytogenes?
  39. A 65-year-old patient who had a prosthetic aortic valve replacement 6 months ago develops fever and bacteremia with coagulase-negative staphylococci. What is the standard empiric antibiotic regimen?
  40. A 55-year-old hospitalized patient develops a first episode of non-severe Clostridioides difficile infection. According to modern clinical guidelines, what is the preferred first-line oral therapy?
  41. What is the standard four-drug regimen administered during the 2-month initial intensive phase of treatment for drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis?
  42. What is the current standard laboratory screening assay for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection recommended by clinical guidelines?
  43. A traveler returning from Sub-Saharan Africa presents with cyclical high fevers, rigors, and hemolytic anemia. Blood smear reveals Plasmodium falciparum ring forms. What is first-line therapy?
  44. In a patient presenting with acute dengue fever, which clinical warning sign indicates severe vascular plasma leakage requiring urgent inpatient intravenous fluid therapy?

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