Chilean Geography and Nature

Geography And Nature

173 practice questions, each with the answer and an explanation.

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All 173 questions

Complete the sentence about Santiago with the correct year: Despite early food shortages, Indigenous attacks, floods, and devastating earthquakes—notably in ______—the city consolidated as the capital…
Complete the sentence about Santiago with the correct year: Pedro de Valdivia, a conquistador from Extremadura sent by Francisco Pizarro from Peru, arrived in the Mapocho valley on 13 December ______…
Complete the sentence about Valparaíso with the correct year: The opening of the Panama Canal in ______, and the associated reduction in ship traffic, dealt a serious blow to the region's shipping- an…
Complete the sentence about Valparaíso with the correct year: Spanish explorers, considered the first European discoverers of Chile, arrived in ______, aboard the Santiaguillo, a supply ship sent by D…
Complete the sentence about Concepción, Chile with the correct year: Until the election of Manuel Montt in ______ as president, executive power in independent Chile was dominated by Concepción elites.
Complete the sentence about Concepción, Chile with the correct year: Concepción was founded by Don Pedro de Valdivia in ______ north of the Bío Bío River, at the site which is today known as Penco.
Complete the sentence about Concepción, Chile with the correct year: Concepción was restored during the governorship of García Hurtado de Mendoza when he landed there and built a fort on the Alto de P…
Complete the sentence about Concepción, Chile with the correct year: The town was refounded once more on January 6, ______, by captain Jerónimo de Villegas.
Complete the sentence about La Serena, Chile with the correct year: Founded in ______, it is the country's second oldest city after the national capital, Santiago.
Complete the sentence about La Serena, Chile with the correct year: Five years later, from the night of 11 January ______ until the following day, a native uprising totally destroyed and burned the vi…
Complete the sentence about La Serena, Chile with the correct year: A few years later, on 4 May ______, King Charles I of Spain by royal decree gave it the title of city.
Complete the sentence about La Serena, Chile with the correct year: One of the reasons to establish La Serena was to control Mapuche groups that had begun to migrate north following the Spanish foundi…
Complete the sentence about La Serena, Chile with the correct year: During the 17th century, the city suffered repeated attacks from privateers, including Francis Drake who opened the Pacific route to…
Complete the sentence about Antofagasta with the correct year: Chilean sovereignty was officially recognised by Bolivia under the terms of the ______ Treaty of Peace and Friendship.
Complete the sentence about Antofagasta with the correct year: The territory was disputed between Chile and Bolivia until the signing of the Boundary Treaty of ______.
Complete the sentence about Antofagasta with the correct year: On 18 September ______, José Santos Ossa and Francisco Puelma achieved the award of the concession of nitrate lands, following a request…
Complete the sentence about Temuco with the correct year: The city grew out from a fort of the same name established in ______ during Chile's invasion of Araucanía.
Complete the sentence about Temuco with the correct year: The city was founded by Chilean army on 24 February ______, as a fort during the Occupation of the Araucanía.
Complete the sentence about Temuco with the correct year: On 15 April ______, the first city officers were elected including the first mayor José del Rosario Muñoz.
Complete the sentence about Rancagua with the correct year: The city is notable in Chilean history as the scene of the Disaster of Rancagua of ______, when Chilean forces fighting for independence fro…
Complete the sentence about Arica with the correct year: Arica was made famous in ______ by the spiritual master Oscar Ichazo when he held a 10-month training there for 50 North Americans from the Esa…
Complete the sentence about Iquique with the correct year: Territorial disputes between Bolivia and Chile triggered the War of the Pacific in ______.
Complete the sentence about Puerto Montt with the correct year: In ______, the city was connected by train to Santiago, making it an important point of entry into Chilean Patagonia and augmenting its…
Complete the sentence about Puerto Montt with the correct year: On March 4, ______, the families settled on empty, unoccupied farmland owned by an absentee landlord.
Complete the sentence about Chillán with the correct year: During the Mapuche uprising of ______, the city was besieged by Mapuche warriors.
Complete the sentence about Calama, Chile with the correct year: Calama was an important town in the Atacama Province, through which traveled the weekly mail between Cobija and Salta-Potosí, since ___…
Complete the sentence about Calama, Chile with the correct year: In ______, the provincial capital transferred from Chiuchiu to Calama, increasing the communication boom.
Complete the sentence about Calama, Chile with the correct year: The environment was made tense when Chilean troops, under the command of colonel Emilio Sotomayor Baeza, invaded the port of Antofagast…
Complete the sentence about Calama, Chile with the correct year: In ______, under the government of José Manuel Balmaceda, Calama returned as an administrative center of 3° order, inaugurated as the m…
Complete the sentence about Calama, Chile with the correct year: Prior to that, in ______, Calama was chosen for a railway station of the Antofagasta-Bolivia Railway, which further expedited shipments…
Complete the sentence about Copiapó with the correct year: Founded on 8 December ______, it is the capital of Copiapó Province and Atacama Region.
Complete the sentence about Copiapó with the correct year: The Copiapó-Caldera railway line, built in ______, was the first one in South America.
Complete the sentence about Copiapó with the correct year: Spanish explorers founded the settlement in ______ and named it San Francisco de la Selva de Copiapó or Saint Francis of the Jungle of Copiap…
Complete the sentence about Copiapó with the correct year: An earthquake on 4 December ______ caused extensive damage throughout the city.
Complete the sentence about Valdivia with the correct year: In ______, Valdivia was severely damaged by the Great Chilean earthquake, the most powerful earthquake ever recorded, at magnitude 9.5.
Complete the sentence about Punta Arenas with the correct year: Since ______, Punta Arenas has been one of only two free ports in Chile, the other being Iquique in the country's far north.
Complete the sentence about Coquimbo with the correct year: The natural harbor in Coquimbo was taken over by Pedro de Valdivia from Spain in ______.
Complete the sentence about Coquimbo with the correct year: English settlement was fueled by the gold and copper industry in the region which peaked in ______, the same time as the construction of a l…
Complete the sentence about Viña del Mar with the correct year: In ______, the municipal theater was opened in its current location on the eastern side of the city's downtown square, José Francisco Ve…
Complete the sentence about Viña del Mar with the correct year: In ______, the commune of Concón was dissolved and incorporated into Viña del Mar, as part of a nationwide reorganization of communes.
Complete the sentence about Quillota with the correct year: In ______, Pedro de Valdivia arrived in the Quillota Valley with the title of Governor of Chile.
Complete the sentence about Puerto Varas with the correct year: The origin of the city of Puerto Varas dates to ______ and is named after Antonio Varas, the Minister of the Interior at the time.
Complete the sentence about Puerto Varas with the correct year: The commune of Puerto Varas, as it exists today, was formed in December ______, when the Ministry of the Interior divided the country in…
Complete the sentence about Coyhaique with the correct year: The city was founded on October 12, ______ under the name Baquedano, in honor of the Chilean general Manuel Baquedano.
Complete the sentence about Pucón with the correct year: During the conquest of Chile the Spanish founded the city of Villarrica in ______ in the area of what is now Pucón.
Complete the sentence about Pucón with the correct year: In ______ the first road between Villarrica and Pucón was built and in the 1970s the road to Caburgua Lake was finished.
Complete the sentence about San Pedro de Atacama with the correct year: With the creation of Atacama Province in ______ San Pedro de Atacama lost its traditional status as regional capital to the port…
Complete the sentence about Vicuña, Chile with the correct year: Vicuña was founded on February 22, ______, by Colonel Joaquín Vicuña Larraín, who was the first intendant of Coquimbo Province, by orde…
Complete the sentence about Vicuña, Chile with the correct year: In ______, its name was shortened to Vicuña, in honor of its founder.
Complete the sentence about Ovalle with the correct year: Ovalle is a city in the Coquimbo Region of Chile, founded in ______ as a settlement.
Complete the sentence about Ovalle with the correct year: Famous players have played for the club, including ______ FIFA World Cup player Rodolfo Dubó.
Complete the sentence about Ovalle with the correct year: The pediatrician and biochemist Hermann Niemeyer, one of the central figures in the development of biochemistry in Chile, was born in Ovalle i…
Complete the sentence about Pichilemu with the correct year: During the Civil War of ______, Daniel Ortúzar and the priest of Alcones were transferred as prisoners from Pichilemu to Valparaíso via the…
Complete the sentence about Pichilemu with the correct year: José María Caro Martínez became the first mayor of the commune in ______.
Complete the sentence about Easter Island with the correct year: In ______, UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site, with much of the island protected within Rapa Nui National Park.
Complete the sentence with the correct year: The Rapa Nui people settled the island some time between 300 and ______ CE.
Complete the sentence about Moai with the correct year: The statues still gazed inland across their clan lands when Europeans first visited the island in ______, but all of them had fallen by the latt…
Complete the sentence about Ahu Tongariki with the correct year: In ______, a tsunami caused by an earthquake off the coast of Chile swept the ahu inland.
Complete the sentence about Robinson Crusoe Island with the correct year: To reflect the literary lore associated with the island and attract tourists, the Chilean government renamed it Robinson Cruso…
Complete the sentence about Robinson Crusoe Island with the correct year: The island was first named Juan Fernandez Island after Juan Fernández, a Spanish sea captain and explorer who was the first to…
Complete the sentence about Robinson Crusoe Island with the correct year: The story of Selkirk's rescue is included in the ______ book A Voyage to the South Sea, and Round the World by Edward Cooke.
Complete the sentence about Robinson Crusoe Island with the correct year: In an ______ narrative, Two Years Before the Mast, Richard Henry Dana Jr. described the port of Juan Fernandez as a young pris…
Complete the sentence about Robinson Crusoe Island with the correct year: Joshua Slocum visited the island between 26 April and 5 May ______, during his solo global circumnavigation on the sloop Spray…
Complete the sentence about Chiloé Archipelago with the correct year: The archipelago was the last Spanish possession in Chile, successfully repelling patriot invasions until ______.
Complete the sentence about Chiloé Island with the correct year: The first Spaniard to sight the coast of Chiloé was the explorer Alonso de Camargo in ______, as he was travelling to Peru.
Complete the sentence about Chiloé Island with the correct year: In ______, Spanish soldier García Hurtado de Mendoza began an expedition which would culminate in the Chiloé archipelago being claimed…
Complete the sentence about Churches of Chiloé with the correct year: The Churches of Chiloé were designated UNESCO World Heritage Sites in ______.
Complete the sentence about Tierra del Fuego with the correct year: Europeans first explored the islands during Ferdinand Magellan's expedition of ______.
Complete the sentence about Tierra del Fuego with the correct year: In ______, Francisco de Hoces was the first to speculate that Tierra del Fuego was one or more islands rather than part of what was…
Complete the sentence about Tierra del Fuego with the correct year: Anglican missionaries, who had established missions on Keppel Island in ______, established new missions in at Ushuaia.
Complete the sentence about Cape Horn with the correct year: The need for boats and ships to round Cape Horn was greatly reduced by the opening of the Panama Canal in August ______.
Complete the sentence about Strait of Magellan with the correct year: The name of the strait dates to ______, when the Spanish expedition of the Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan brought the fir…
Complete the sentence about Strait of Magellan with the correct year: Magellan's ships entered the strait on All Saints' Day, 1 November ______.
Complete the sentence about Torres del Paine National Park with the correct year: Lady Florence Dixie, in her book published in ______, gave one of the first descriptions of the area and referred to t…
Complete the sentence about Torres del Paine National Park with the correct year: In ______, British mountaineer John Garner and two Torres del Paine rangers, Pepe Alarcon and Oscar Guineo pioneered t…
Complete the sentence with the correct year: The park was designated a World Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO in ______.
Complete the sentence about Torres del Paine National Park with the correct year: In ______ an incipient wildfire caused by a cigarette butt was promptly extinguished by nearby fire brigades of the Na…
Complete the sentence about Salar de Atacama with the correct year: Anaconda Company discovered the lithium in the brines in ______ while searching for freshwater for its copper mining operations.
Complete the sentence about Chuquicamata with the correct year: For most of the 20th century Chuquicamata was the most productive copper mine in Chile until this position was overtaken by Escondida in…
Complete the sentence about Chuquicamata with the correct year: Copper has been mined for centuries at Chuquicamata, as evidenced by the ______ discovery of the "Copper Man," a mummy dated to c. 550 A…
Complete the sentence about Aconcagua with the correct year: The first recorded ascent was made on 14 January ______ by Swiss guide Matthias Zurbriggen, as part of a British expedition led by Edward F…
Complete the sentence about Aconcagua with the correct year: The first attempt to summit Aconcagua by Europeans was made in ______ by a party led by the German geologist and explorer Paul Güssfeldt.
Complete the sentence about Aconcagua with the correct year: The first recorded ascent was in ______ by a European expedition led by the American mountaineer Edward FitzGerald.
Complete the sentence about Ojos del Salado with the correct year: The last eruption of Ojos del Salado occurred around 750 CE; steam emissions observed in November ______ may have constituted another…
Complete the sentence about Ojos del Salado with the correct year: Cryoturbation landforms were not conspicuous according to Nagy et al. ______, presumably because wind-driven phenomena overprint the…
Complete the sentence about Llullaillaco with the correct year: In ______, the mummified remains of three children, known as the Children of Llullaillaco, were found at its summit.
Complete the sentence about Villarrica with the correct year: The youngest person to reach the summit recognized by the Chilean government was Christopher Heussner of Texas at the age of 9 in ______.
Complete the sentence about Villarrica with the correct year: Villarrica is one of Chile's most active volcanoes; eruptions have been recorded since the conquest of Chile and the founding of the city…
Complete the sentence about Calbuco with the correct year: The origin of the city was the Spanish Fort Calbuco founded in ______, and became later an important fish market.
Complete the sentence about Calbuco with the correct year: The settlement of Calbuco grew out of the fort Fuerte San Miguel de Calbuco which was founded in ______ by Francisco Hernández Ortiz-Pizarro.
Complete the sentence about Calbuco with the correct year: Texas was a refugee camp built after the ______ earthquake on the outskirts of San Rafael; it has become semi-permanent.
Complete the sentence about Chaitén with the correct year: According to the Global Volcanism Program, its last eruption was in ______.
Complete the sentence about Lascar with the correct year: The largest eruption of Lascar known to recorded history occurred in April ______ and caused ash fall as far away as Buenos Aires.
Complete the sentence about Lake Titicaca with the correct year: Since ______, Lake Titicaca has experienced constantly receding water levels.
Complete the sentence about Baker River with the correct year: Chile's Committee of Ministers overturned the environmental permits for the HidroAysén dam project June ______.
Complete the sentence about Perito Moreno Glacier with the correct year: In ______, the Boundary Treaty between Chile and Argentina was signed, which defined the boundaries of both countries in the An…
Complete the sentence about Perito Moreno Glacier with the correct year: Evidence from tree rings on the shorelines indicates that there were no major damming and rupture events of the Brazo Rico from…
Complete the sentence about Southern Patagonian Ice Field with the correct year: In ______, Chile planned Route 8 as a section of the Carretera Austral west of the ice field, which has not been built.
Complete the sentence about Southern Patagonian Ice Field with the correct year: In ______, the Mariano Moreno range was visited by an expedition; however, Francisco Pascasio Moreno already knew of it…
Complete the sentence about Southern Patagonian Ice Field with the correct year: In ______, the Laguna del Desierto dispute was solved which involved territory of the Ice Field; an international tribu…

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